👆 點擊任何一句英文，即可展開「中文翻譯 + 句構分析 + 重點解析」。點右側 🔊 可聽整段朗讀。全文依詩節（stanza）與賞析段落呈現。
🔍 句構顏色對照：
主詞 S 動詞 V 受詞 O 補語 C 修飾語
本篇為〈If—〉的賞析講義：「導論（詩人 Rudyard Kipling 與詩作緣起）＋逐節解讀（第一～第四詩節）＋結語（條件句結構與核心價值）」。英文逐句取自課本賞析文，中譯與句構分析為教學補充。
🖋️ 導論｜詩的力量與〈If—〉
▶Poems have the power to move us, inspire us, and guide us to do great things.
詩擁有一種力量，能感動我們、激勵我們，並引導我們去成就偉大的事。
🔍 句構分析
①PoemsS haveV the power to move us, inspire us, and guide us to do great thingsO（不定詞修飾 power，三個動詞並列）
the power to V = 做…的力量；move / inspire / guide 三個原形動詞並列；guide sb. to V = 引導某人做…。
▶"If—" succeeds in doing all three.
〈If—〉這首詩三者都做到了。
🔍 句構分析
①"If—"S succeeds inV（片語） doing all threeO（動名詞）
succeed in + V-ing = 成功做到…（介系詞 in 後接動名詞）；all three 指前句 move、inspire、guide。
▶Written by British Nobel Laureate in Literature Rudyard Kipling and first published in 1910, the poem contains advice from a father to his son on living a good life.
這首詩由英國諾貝爾文學獎得主魯德亞德·吉卜林所作、於 1910 年首度發表，內容是一位父親對兒子關於如何過好人生的忠告。
🔍 句構分析
①Written by... and first published in 1910過去分詞構句（被動，置句首） the poemS containsV advice from a father to his son on living a good lifeO
Written... and published... 過去分詞構句（詩被寫、被發表，用被動，見句型三）；advice on + V-ing = 關於…的忠告；Nobel Laureate = 諾貝爾獎得主。
▶The speaker brings up common circumstances one may encounter in life and explains the best way to confront each of them.
說話者提出人們一生中可能遭遇的常見情境，並說明面對每一種情境的最佳方法。
🔍 句構分析
①The speakerS brings upV（片語） common circumstances [one may encounter in life]O（含關係子句） and explainsV the best way to confront each of themO
bring up = 提出；encounter（遭遇）、confront（面對）皆為核心字；circumstances (that) one may encounter 省略關代。
▶"If—" was one of the twentieth century's most beloved poems, and its words of wisdom remain relevant to this day.
〈If—〉是二十世紀最受喜愛的詩作之一，其充滿智慧的字句至今仍切合時宜。
🔍 句構分析
①"If—"S wasV one of the twentieth century's most beloved poemsC , and its words of wisdomS remainV（連綴動詞） relevant to this dayC
beloved（深受喜愛的）、relevant（切合時宜的）為核心字；remain + adj. = 依然…（連綴動詞，見句型五）；to this day = 至今。
① 第一詩節｜正直待人（Righteousness）
▶The poem begins with advice regarding how to behave righteously in the face of unrighteousness.
這首詩以「如何在他人不義時仍正直行事」的忠告作為開端。
🔍 句構分析
①The poemS begins withV（片語） advice regarding how to behave righteously...O
regarding = 關於（介系詞）；how to V = 如何做…；in the face of = 面對（片語）；righteously（正直地）／unrighteousness（不義）為主題字。
▶When people are hostile toward you, remain calm and steady.
當人們對你懷有敵意時，仍要保持冷靜與穩定。
🔍 句構分析
①When people are hostile toward you時間副詞子句 remainV（祈使句，連綴動詞） calm and steadyC（形容詞並列）
hostile（有敵意的）、steady（穩定的）為核心字；remain + adj. = 保持…（連綴動詞後接形容詞，見句型五）。
▶Have faith in yourself when others blame or doubt you, but be receptive to constructive criticism.
當別人責備或懷疑你時要對自己有信心，但也要樂於接受建設性的批評。
🔍 句構分析
①HaveV（祈使句） faith in yourselfO when others blame or doubt you時間副詞子句 , but beV receptive to constructive criticismC
have faith in = 對…有信心；faith / faithful 為核心字；be receptive to = 樂於接受；constructive criticism = 建設性批評。
▶No less important is the quality of patience, for without it, the fruits of your labor may be lost.
耐心這項特質同樣重要，因為少了它，你的辛勞成果可能會白費。
🔍 句構分析
①No less importantC（補語置句首） isV the quality of patienceS（倒裝） , for without it, the fruits of your labor may be lostfor 引導原因子句
補語置句首的倒裝（見句型一）：No less important + is + S；for = 因為（連接詞）；the fruits of your labor = 辛勞成果。
▶And if people despise you or spread lies about you, be truthful and refrain from returning the hatred.
如果人們鄙視你或散播關於你的謊言，要保持誠實，並克制自己不以仇恨回敬。
🔍 句構分析
①if people despise you or spread lies about you條件子句（if） beV（祈使） truthfulC and refrain fromV（片語） returning the hatredO（動名詞）
truthful（誠實的）、hatred（仇恨）為核心字；despise = 鄙視；refrain from + V-ing = 克制不做…；全詩以一連串 if 條件句展開。
▶Doing so is the only way to put an end to the cycle of hatred and dishonesty.
這麼做是終結仇恨與不誠實循環的唯一方法。
🔍 句構分析
①Doing soS（動名詞，視為單數） isV the only way to put an end to the cycle of hatred and dishonestyC
動名詞主詞視為單數，故用 is；put an end to sth. = 終結…（片語）；dishonesty / honesty 為核心字。
▶In addition, it is essential to be modest and humble.
此外，保持謙虛與謙遜也是必要的。
🔍 句構分析
①In addition承接副詞 it虛主詞 isV essentialC to be modest and humble真主詞（不定詞）
It is essential to V = 做…是必要的（虛主詞 it 代替不定詞）；modest / modesty 為核心字；humble = 謙遜的。
② 第二詩節｜追夢要務實（Dreams & Action）
▶The second stanza focuses on pursuing one's dreams and suggests that people do so in a balanced manner.
第二詩節聚焦於追求夢想，並建議人們以平衡的方式去追夢。
🔍 句構分析
①The second stanzaS focuses onV（片語） pursuing one's dreamsO and suggestsV that people do so in a balanced mannerO（名詞子句）
focus on + V-ing = 聚焦於…；suggest that + S (should) do = 建議…（假設語氣用原形 do，見句型二）；in a balanced manner = 以平衡的方式。
▶As the speaker explains, you can dream and think, but your dreams and thoughts should be translated into rational and direct action in the real world.
如說話者所言，你可以懷抱夢想與思索，但你的夢想與思緒應轉化為現實世界中理性而直接的行動。
🔍 句構分析
①As the speaker explainsas 引導副詞子句 youS can dream and thinkV , but your dreams and thoughtsS should be translated intoV（被動片語） rational and direct actionO
translate into = 轉化為（translate / translation / translator 為核心字）；rational（理性的）為核心字；被動語態 be translated。
▶Of course, you'll have successes and failures in life.
當然，人生中你會有成功，也會有失敗。
🔍 句構分析
①Of course副詞 youS 'll haveV successes and failuresO in life副詞
success / failure 抽象名詞可數化（successes / failures）表「多次的成功與失敗」。
▶You need to accept both with grace and persevere in either case.
你必須以從容的態度接受兩者，並在任一種情況下都堅持不懈。
🔍 句構分析
①YouS need to acceptV bothO with grace副詞 and persevereV in either case副詞
persevere / perseverance = 堅持不懈（核心字）；with grace = 從容地；both 指前句 successes and failures。
▶Furthermore, when others distort your words and deeds, always push forward with your eyes on your goals.
此外，當別人扭曲你的言行時，仍要緊盯目標、繼續前進。
🔍 句構分析
①when others distort your words and deeds時間副詞子句 always push forwardV（祈使句片語） with your eyes on your goalswith 附帶狀況
distort（扭曲）、deed（行為）為核心字；push forward = 繼續前進（片語）；with + N + 介系詞片語 表附帶狀況。
▶Even if your plans end in failure, you should pick yourself up and do whatever you can to start again.
即使你的計畫以失敗告終，也應重新振作，盡一切所能重新開始。
🔍 句構分析
①Even if your plans end in failure讓步子句 youS should pickV yourselfO up and doV whatever you canO（名詞子句）
even if = 即使；pick oneself up = 重新振作（片語）；whatever 複合關代引導名詞子句（見句型四）。
③ 第三詩節｜心志堅韌（Mental Toughness）
▶The third stanza explores mental toughness and the power of will that one must possess.
第三詩節探討一個人必須具備的心志堅韌與意志力。
🔍 句構分析
①The third stanzaS exploresV mental toughness and the power of will [that one must possess]O（含關係子句）
possess / possession = 擁有（核心字）；mental toughness = 心志堅韌；the power of will (that) one must possess，that 為關代受詞。
▶Life is a game of chance, the speaker warns, so sometimes you must bet whatever you have on one game of "pitch-and-toss" to be successful.
說話者告誡道，人生是一場賭注，所以有時你必須把所擁有的一切押在一局「擲錢幣」上，才能成功。
🔍 句構分析
①LifeS isV a game of chanceC , the speaker warns,插入語 so you must betV whatever you haveO（名詞子句）
whatever = 任何…的東西（複合關代，見句型四）；a game of chance = 賭運氣的遊戲；pitch-and-toss = 擲錢幣遊戲。
▶However, even if you lose everything, don't indulge in self-pity.
然而，即使你失去了一切，也別沉溺於自憐。
🔍 句構分析
①even if you lose everything讓步子句 don't indulge inV（否定祈使片語） self-pityO
indulge（沉溺）為核心字；indulge in = 沉溺於；self-pity = 自憐（pity = 憐憫）。
▶And if exhaustion overtakes you, rely on your willpower to carry you through.
如果疲憊襲來壓垮你，就依靠意志力撐過難關。
🔍 句構分析
①if exhaustion overtakes you條件子句 rely onV（祈使片語） your willpowerO to carry you through不定詞（表目的）
overtake（壓倒、襲來）為核心字；rely on = 依靠；carry sb. through = 支撐某人度過。
▶In short, do everything you can to accomplish your goals and never give up.
簡言之，盡一切所能去達成目標，永不放棄。
🔍 句構分析
①In short副詞 doV（祈使） everything [you can]O（含省略關代子句） to accomplish your goals不定詞（目的） and never give upV
in short = 簡言之；accomplish = 達成；everything (that) you can (do) 省略關代與動詞。
▶Ultimate success comes to those who find inner strength and have the will to persevere.
最終的成功屬於那些找到內在力量、擁有堅持意志的人。
🔍 句構分析
①Ultimate successS comes toV those [who find inner strength and have the will to persevere]O（含關係子句）
inner（內在的）為核心字；those who... = …的那些人；the will to V = 做…的意志。
④ 第四詩節｜人際與惜時（Relationships & Time）
▶The final stanza deals with one's personal relationships and the value of time.
最後一詩節探討一個人的人際關係以及時間的價值。
🔍 句構分析
①The final stanzaS deals withV（片語） one's personal relationships and the value of timeO
deal with = 處理、探討；the value of time = 時間的價值，帶出惜時主題。
▶As the speaker says, associate with people from all walks of life, from kings to common people, but retain a balanced world view in all your interactions.
如說話者所言，要與各行各業的人往來，從國王到平民百姓，但在所有互動中都要保持平衡的世界觀。
🔍 句構分析
①As the speaker saysas 副詞子句 associate withV（祈使片語） people from all walks of lifeO , but retainV a balanced world viewO
retain（保留）為核心字；associate with = 與…往來；walk of life = 行業、社會階層（片語）。
▶You will unavoidably encounter both friends and foes in life, but avoid being overly hurt or influenced by either.
你一生中無可避免會遇到朋友，也會遇到敵人，但要避免被任何一方過度傷害或影響。
🔍 句構分析
①YouS will encounterV both friends and foesO , but avoidV being overly hurt or influenced by eitherO（動名詞，被動）
foe（敵人）為核心字；encounter（遭遇）；avoid + V-ing = 避免做…；being hurt/influenced 為被動動名詞。
▶In addition, keep in mind that time is precious.
此外，要謹記時間是珍貴的。
🔍 句構分析
①In addition副詞 keep in mindV（片語） that time is preciousO（名詞子句）
keep in mind (that) = 謹記（片語）；that 引導名詞子句作 keep 的受詞；precious = 珍貴的。
▶It doesn't wait for anyone, nor does it give anyone a second chance.
時間不等任何人，也不會給任何人第二次機會。
🔍 句構分析
①ItS doesn't wait forV anyoneO , nor does it give否定副詞 nor 引導倒裝 anyone a second chanceO
否定副詞 nor 置句首 → 助動詞倒裝（nor does it give，見句型一）；前句否定，後句以 nor 承接「也不」。
▶Be sure, therefore, to cherish every moment in your life and live it to the full.
因此，務必珍惜生命中的每一刻，並活得淋漓盡致。
🔍 句構分析
①Be sureV（祈使） therefore插入副詞 to cherish every moment... and live it to the full不定詞（並列）
be sure to V = 務必做…；cherish = 珍惜；to the full = 充分地（片語）。
🧭 結語｜條件句結構與核心價值
▶All of this advice, from the poem's start to its finish, is presented in the form of conditions, or "ifs."
從詩的開頭到結尾，所有這些忠告都以「條件」——也就是一連串的「如果」——形式呈現。
🔍 句構分析
①All of this adviceS , from the poem's start to its finish,插入副詞 is presentedV（被動） in the form of conditions, or "ifs."副詞
be presented in the form of = 以…的形式呈現；or 此處為「即、也就是」（同位補述）；advice 為不可數，用 is。
▶The poet doesn't mention the result of following these conditions until the final two lines, revealing that if you fulfill all of these conditions, you will become a man and the world will be in your hands.
詩人直到最後兩行才提到遵循這些條件的結果，揭示出：如果你能滿足所有這些條件，你將成為一個真正的人，而世界也將盡在你的掌握之中。
🔍 句構分析
①The poetS doesn't mentionV the result...O until the final two lines副詞 , revealing that...分詞構句（結果）
not...until = 直到…才；revealing that... 現在分詞構句表結果；內含 if 條件句（見句型三分詞、句型結構）。
▶In "If—," Kipling lays out all of the qualities that are key to living a successful life.
在〈If—〉中，吉卜林鋪陳出所有攸關成功人生的重要特質。
🔍 句構分析
①In "If—,"副詞 KiplingS lays outV（片語） all of the qualities [that are key to living a successful life]O（含關係子句）
lay out = 鋪陳、闡述（片語）；be key to + V-ing = 對…至關重要；that 為限定關代（見句型三）。
▶Instead of the ones that are typically celebrated in society—power, wealth, fame, and physical strength—what Kipling values are virtues such as integrity, composure, humility, perseverance, and moderation.
吉卜林所重視的，並非社會通常推崇的那些——權力、財富、名聲與體力——而是正直、沉著、謙遜、毅力與節制等美德。
🔍 句構分析
①Instead of the ones that are typically celebrated in society—...—介系詞片語（對比） what Kipling valuesS（名詞子句） areV virtues such as integrity, composure, humility, perseverance, and moderationC
instead of = 而非；what Kipling values 名詞子句作主詞；virtue（美德）、integrity（正直）、wealth（財富）、fame（名聲）為核心字。
▶These values reveal why "If—" resonates with whoever reads it and, though over a century old, is considered timeless to this day.
這些價值揭示了為何〈If—〉能引起每位讀者的共鳴，且儘管已逾百年，至今仍被視為不朽之作。
🔍 句構分析
①These valuesS revealV why "If—" resonates with whoever reads it and... is considered timeless...O（名詞子句）
whoever = 任何讀它的人（複合關代，見句型四）；resonate with = 引起…共鳴；though over a century old = 儘管已逾百年（讓步插入）；timeless = 不朽的。