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L6: Too Much of a Good Thing: Overtourism in Barcelona ── 過猶不及：巴塞隆納的過度觀光

龍騰版高職英文 第五冊 第六課｜互動教學講義
⏱️ 建議授課時數：2 小時（120 分鐘）｜依統測命題趨勢設計
📖 課文逐句精講 📝 核心字彙 × 15 ➕ 補充字彙 × 8 🔗 片語 × 5 🗣️ 俚語 × 6 📐 句型 × 5 ✏️ 學生練習 × 10 🎓 老師精講 × 10
💡
本課主題速覽

🟦 問題：過度觀光

西班牙巴塞隆納每年湧入數百萬遊客，市區人擠人。自 1992 奧運後遊客大量湧入，2017 年更達驚人程度，形成「overtourism（過度觀光）」，居民生活品質大幅下降。

🟩 居民的負擔

雖然飯店與商家因觀光擴張受益，卻是居民的負擔。遊客吵鬧、亂丟垃圾、缺乏尊重；房東寧願把房子放上 Airbnb，居民被趕出租屋、受夠了只好搬到他處。

🟧 對策與平衡

市府採取實際措施：限制景點人數、限制新旅館、以「管理」而非「推廣」觀光。觀光有利有弊，巴塞隆納試圖在居民與遊客間取得平衡。附對話：Jane 提醒 Andrew 和 Meg 出門安全。
📖
課文逐句精講（Reading + 翻譯）
👆 點擊任何一句英文，即可展開「中文翻譯 + 句構分析（主詞／動詞／受詞／補語）+ 重點解析」。點 🔊 只朗讀、不展開解析。
🔍 句構顏色對照： 主詞 S　動詞 V　受詞 O　補語 C　修飾語

本課以巴塞隆納為例，探討「過度觀光（overtourism）」對居民生活的衝擊、市府的因應措施，以及觀光的利弊。文後附一段對話〈Getting around Safely〉。

📖 Reading｜Too Much of a Good Thing: Overtourism in Barcelona（過度觀光）
▶In Barcelona, Spain, tourists fill the streets, take photos of landmarks, and crowd the narrow passages and markets.
在西班牙的巴塞隆納，遊客擠滿了街道，拍攝地標，也把狹窄的巷弄和市場擠得水泄不通。
🔍 句構分析 ①touristsS fillV the streetsO，take photos，crowd the passages and markets（三個動詞並列）
tourist（遊客）為核心字；三個動詞 fill / take / crowd 並列，共用主詞 tourists；crowd（v.）= 擠滿。
▶With millions of people visiting every year, the city has a real problem on its hands.
每年有數百萬人造訪，這座城市正面臨著一個棘手的難題。
🔍 句構分析 ①With millions of people visiting every year附帶狀況（with + O + V-ing） the cityS hasV a real problemO
With + O + V-ing（人們主動造訪→現在分詞）附帶狀況；have a problem on one's hands = 面臨/手上有棘手問題（片語）。
▶Barcelona suffers from "overtourism," which means the city has so many tourists that the local people's quality of life has dropped considerably.
巴塞隆納飽受「過度觀光」之苦，也就是說這座城市的遊客多到讓當地人的生活品質大幅下降。
🔍 句構分析 ①BarcelonaS suffers fromV "overtourism" , which means... so many tourists that...補述＋so...that
so many + N + that = 如此多……以至於（見句型一）；considerably（大幅地）為核心字；quality of life = 生活品質。
▶The 1992 Olympics put Barcelona on the tourist map. After that event, tourists began flocking to the city in larger numbers.
1992 年的奧運讓巴塞隆納登上了觀光地圖。那場盛事之後，遊客開始成群結隊、以更龐大的數量湧入這座城市。
🔍 句構分析 ①The 1992 OlympicsS putV BarcelonaO on the tourist map副詞
put ... on the map = 使……出名；flock（v. 蜂擁、成群結隊）為核心字；begin + V-ing/to V = 開始。
▶By 2017, the number of annual visitors had risen to an alarming degree.
到了 2017 年，每年的遊客數量已上升到一個令人擔憂的程度。
🔍 句構分析 ①By 2017時間 the number of annual visitorsS had risenV（過去完成） to an alarming degree副詞
annual（每年的）為核心字；the number of + 複數 + 單數動詞；By + 時間點常搭配過去完成式 had risen；rise-rose-risen（不及物）。
▶Although local hotels and businesses have benefited from this expansion of tourism, it is a burden for the city's residents.
雖然當地的飯店和商家從這波觀光擴張中獲利，它對這座城市的居民而言卻是一種負擔。
🔍 句構分析 ①Although local hotels and businesses have benefited...讓步子句
②itS isV a burden for the city's residentsC
benefit from = 從……受益；expansion（擴張）、burden（負擔）、resident（居民）為核心字。
▶The more people visit Barcelona, the more complaints are heard about the resulting problems.
造訪巴塞隆納的人越多，人們對隨之而來的問題所發出的抱怨也就越多。
🔍 句構分析 ①The more people visit Barcelona，the more complaints are heard（越…越…句型）
The + 比較級..., the + 比較級... = 越……越……（見句型二）；resulting = 隨之而來的（現在分詞當形容詞）。
▶Residents are fed up with visitors' noisy behavior, littering, and lack of respect.
居民受夠了遊客吵鬧的行為、亂丟垃圾以及缺乏尊重。
🔍 句構分析 ①ResidentsS are fed up withV noisy behavior, littering, and lack of respectO（三者並列）
be fed up with = 受夠了（片語）；litter（v. 亂丟垃圾；n. 垃圾）為核心字；lack of = 缺乏。
▶Furthermore, some people have been kicked out of rented apartments because many apartment owners would rather offer their properties to tourists on Airbnb.
此外，有些人被趕出了租來的公寓，因為許多屋主寧願把房子放到 Airbnb 上出租給遊客。
🔍 句構分析 ①some peopleS have been kicked outV（現在完成被動） because... owners would rather offer their properties...原因子句
furthermore（此外）、property（房產）為核心字；kick sb. out (of sth.) = 把某人趕出；would rather + 原形V = 寧願（見句型三）；rented = 租來的。
▶As the head of a Barcelona neighborhood association says, "Many residents in this area are so sick and tired of tourists that they have decided to move elsewhere."
正如巴塞隆納某社區協會的負責人所說：「這一帶許多居民對遊客厭煩至極，以至於決定搬到別的地方去。」
🔍 句構分析 ①As the head... says如……所說 Many residentsS areV so sick and tired of tourists that...so...that
elsewhere（別處）為核心字；be sick and tired of = 對……厭煩至極；so ... that（見句型一）；As ... says = 正如……所說。
▶With such complaints in mind, city officials have taken practical measures to try to reduce the impact of tourism.
有鑑於這些抱怨，市府官員已採取實際的措施，設法減少觀光帶來的衝擊。
🔍 句構分析 ①With such complaints in mind附帶狀況 city officialsS have takenV practical measuresO
practical（實際的）、measure（措施）、impact（衝擊）為核心字；take measures to V = 採取措施做；with ... in mind = 有鑑於。
▶First, they have limited the number of people who may visit certain landmarks at once. The city government has also put restrictions on the development of new hotels.
首先，他們限制了一次能參觀某些地標的人數。市政府也對新旅館的興建設下了限制。
🔍 句構分析 ①theyS have limitedV the number of people who may visit certain landmarksO（＋關係子句）
who 為關係代名詞（見句型五），修飾 people；at once = 一次、同時；put restrictions on = 對……設限（restriction 為補充字）。
▶Finally, the government has come up with a detailed plan that focuses on managing tourism rather than promoting it.
最後，政府提出了一項詳細的計畫，重點在於「管理」觀光，而非「推廣」觀光。
🔍 句構分析 ①the governmentS has come up withV a detailed plan that focuses on managing... rather than promoting...O（＋關係子句）
detailed（詳細的）為核心字；focus on + V-ing = 專注於；A rather than B = 是 A 而非 B（見句型四），兩者詞性須對等（managing / promoting）。
▶The more we learn about tourism, the more we realize that it brings pros and cons.
我們對觀光了解得越多，就越發現它有利也有弊。
🔍 句構分析 ①The more we learn about tourism，the more we realize that...（越…越…）
The + 比較級..., the + 比較級...（見句型二）；pros and cons = 利與弊、優缺點；tourism（觀光業）為核心字。
▶On the one hand, tourism provides local businesses with great financial benefits. On the other hand, it disturbs the lives of local residents and can cause social problems.
一方面，觀光為當地商家帶來豐厚的經濟利益；另一方面，它也擾亂了當地居民的生活，並可能引發社會問題。
🔍 句構分析 ①On the one hand tourismS providesV local businesses with financial benefitsO
On the one hand... On the other hand... = 一方面……另一方面……；provide sb. with sth. = 提供某人某物；disturb（擾亂）為核心字。
▶The city of Barcelona is attempting to strike a balance that can satisfy both the local community and international visitors.
巴塞隆納這座城市正試圖取得一個能同時滿足在地社區與國際遊客的平衡。
🔍 句構分析 ①The cityS is attemptingV to strike a balance that can satisfy both...O（＋關係子句）
attempt（試圖）為核心字，attempt to V；strike a balance = 取得平衡（片語）；both A and B = A 與 B 兩者。
💬 Dialogue｜Getting around Safely（安全地外出）
▶Andrew and Meg are going out, but their neighbor Jane thinks they need to be careful.
Andrew 和 Meg 正要出門，但他們的鄰居 Jane 認為他們得小心一點。
🔍 句構分析 ①their neighbor JaneS thinksV they need to be carefulO（子句，省略 that）
go out = 外出；need to V = 需要做；neighbor = 鄰居。
▶A: Where are you going? B: We're going to take the bus downtown and take some pictures for my blog. A: I don't think that's a good idea. It's flu season, and the bus is always really crowded.
A：你們要去哪裡？ B：我們要搭公車去市中心，幫我的部落格拍些照片。 A：我覺得那不是個好主意。現在是流感季，公車總是非常擁擠。
🔍 句構分析 ①the busS isV always really crowdedC
take the bus = 搭公車；downtown（副詞）= 到市中心（前不加 to）；flu season = 流感季；crowded = 擁擠的。
▶B: You're right. We don't want to get sick. A: Why don't you go by scooter? B: Mine is broken right now, so there's no way to ride it. Can we borrow yours?
B：你說得對。我們可不想生病。 A：你們何不騎機車去？ B：我的現在壞了，沒辦法騎。我們可以借你的嗎？
🔍 句構分析 ①MineS（我的機車） isV brokenC
go by scooter = 騎機車去（by + 交通工具，中間不加冠詞）；Mine = my scooter；borrow = 借入（↔ lend 借出）。
▶A: Go for it! But you probably need to fill the gas tank first. I think it's almost empty. B: OK, I will.
A：儘管騎吧！不過你可能得先加滿油箱，我想它快空了。 B：好，我會的。
🔍 句構分析 ①youS need to fillV the gas tankO first
Go for it! = 儘管去做吧！fill the gas tank = 加滿油箱；almost empty = 幾乎空了。
▶A: Oh, one more thing. My helmet is on the scooter, but it's probably too big for Meg. It might move around or block your vision. B: Good to know. I will use my own.
A：喔，還有一件事。我的安全帽在機車上，但對 Meg 來說可能太大了。它可能會移位或擋住你的視線。 B：知道了，謝謝提醒。我會用我自己的。
🔍 句構分析 ①ItS might move around or blockV your visionO
too + adj. + for sb. = 對某人而言太……；block one's vision = 擋住視線；Good to know. = 知道了（表謝謝提醒）；my own = 我自己的。
▶A: Here are the keys.
A：鑰匙在這裡。
🔍 句構分析 ①Here areV the keysS（倒裝）
Here are/is + 主詞 為倒裝句（遞東西時說）；主詞 keys 為複數，故動詞用 are。
📝
核心字彙（課文 15 字）
👆 點擊每個單字卡，展開「字族 + 例句 + 統測連結」。
tourismn.
觀光業；旅遊
▶
tourist (n.) 遊客tour (n./v.) 旅遊
Barcelona suffers from overtourism.巴塞隆納飽受過度觀光之苦。
📊 tourism / tourist / tour 字族常考
touristn.
遊客；觀光客
▶
tourist spot 觀光景點tourist attraction 觀光名勝
Tourists fill the streets and crowd the markets.遊客擠滿街道與市場。
considerablyadv.
相當地；大幅地
▶
considerable (adj.) 相當大的consider (v.) 考慮
Their quality of life has dropped considerably.他們的生活品質大幅下降。
📊 considerably（大幅）≠ considerately（體貼地）
flockv. / n.
蜂擁；成群
▶
flock to 蜂擁前往a flock of 一群（鳥/羊）
Tourists began flocking to the city.遊客開始蜂擁湧入這座城市。
annualadj.
每年的；年度的
▶
annually (adv.) 每年地an annual event 年度盛事
The number of annual visitors rose sharply.每年的遊客數量急遽上升。
expansionn.
擴張；擴展
▶
expand (v.) 擴張↔ reduction 縮減
Hotels benefited from this expansion of tourism.飯店從這波觀光擴張中獲利。
burdenn.
負擔；重擔
▶
a burden for/on sb. 對……的負擔≈ load
Tourism is a burden for the city's residents.觀光是城市居民的負擔。
residentn.
居民
▶
reside (v.) 居住residence (n.) 住所
Many residents decided to move elsewhere.許多居民決定搬到別處。
📊 resident（居民）vs. president（總統）勿混淆
litterv. / n.
亂丟垃圾；垃圾
▶
littering (n.) 亂丟垃圾No littering! 禁止亂丟垃圾
Residents are fed up with visitors' littering.居民受夠了遊客亂丟垃圾。
furthermoreadv.
此外；而且
▶
≈ moreover / in addition≈ besides
Furthermore, some people have been kicked out.此外，有些人被趕了出去。
📊 furthermore 為轉承語，統測綜測常見
propertyn.
房產；財產
▶
properties（複數）≈ real estate 房地產
Owners offer their properties to tourists on Airbnb.屋主把房產放上 Airbnb 出租給遊客。
elsewhereadv.
在別處；到別處
▶
= in/to another placemove elsewhere 搬到別處
They decided to move elsewhere.他們決定搬到別的地方去。
practicaladj.
實際的；實用的
▶
practice (n./v.) 練習↔ theoretical 理論的
Officials have taken practical measures.官員採取了實際的措施。
measuren. / v.
措施；測量
▶
take measures 採取措施measurement (n.) 測量
They took measures to reduce tourism's impact.他們採取措施減少觀光的衝擊。
📊 take measures to V 為統測高頻搭配
impactn. / v.
衝擊；影響
▶
have an impact on 對……有影響≈ effect / influence
They want to reduce the impact of tourism.他們想減少觀光的衝擊。
🔗 課文片語動詞
片語中文例句（含翻譯）
have sth. on one's hands面臨（棘手事）The city has a real problem on its hands.這座城市正面臨一個棘手問題。
be fed up with受夠了；厭煩Residents are fed up with noisy tourists.居民受夠了吵鬧的遊客。
kick sb. out (of sth.)把某人趕出Some people were kicked out of their apartments.有些人被趕出公寓。
be sick of厭倦；受不了They are sick of tourists and want to move.他們受不了遊客，想搬走。
strike a balance取得平衡The city tries to strike a balance between both sides.城市試圖在雙方間取得平衡。
➕
統測補充字彙（主題延伸關鍵字）
👆 點擊單字卡展開。這些字皆與課文主題（觀光、城市、社會問題）相關，為統測高頻延伸字。
considerableadj.
相當大的；可觀的
▶
considerably (adv.) 大幅地≈ significant
Tourism brings a considerable amount of money.觀光帶來相當可觀的收入。
expandv.
擴張；擴大
▶
expansion (n.) 擴張↔ shrink 縮小
The tourism industry keeps expanding.觀光產業持續擴張。
disturbv.
擾亂；打擾
▶
disturbance (n.) 干擾Do Not Disturb 請勿打擾
Overtourism disturbs local residents' lives.過度觀光擾亂居民的生活。
attemptv. / n.
嘗試；試圖
▶
attempt to V 試圖做≈ try
The city is attempting to strike a balance.城市正試圖取得平衡。
📊 attempt to V ≈ try to V
detailedadj.
詳細的
▶
detail (n.) 細節in detail 詳細地
They came up with a detailed plan.他們提出了一項詳細的計畫。
promotev.
推廣；促進；升遷
▶
promotion (n.) 推廣；升遷↔ manage 管理（本課對比）
The plan focuses on managing rather than promoting tourism.計畫重點在管理而非推廣觀光。
restrictionn.
限制；約束
▶
restrict (v.) 限制put restrictions on 對……設限
The city put restrictions on new hotels.城市對新旅館設下限制。
complaintn.
抱怨；投訴
▶
complain (v.) 抱怨make a complaint 提出抱怨
More complaints are heard every year.每年聽到越來越多的抱怨。
🗣️
常用俚語補充（提升口語語感）
👆 點擊每個俚語展開「意思 + 生活例句」。這些俚語與課文主題（觀光、擁擠、抱怨、平衡）相關。
too much of a good thing
好事過頭反成壞事（標題出現）
▶
指原本是好事，但過量反而造成問題，即「過猶不及」。
Tourism is great, but overtourism is too much of a good thing.觀光很好，但過度觀光就是好事過了頭。
packed like sardines
擠得像沙丁魚罐頭
▶
形容空間非常擁擠，人擠人動彈不得。
The old town was packed like sardines during the festival.節慶期間老城區擠得像沙丁魚罐頭。
the last straw
壓垮駱駝的最後一根稻草
▶
指一連串問題中，讓人再也無法忍受的最後一件事。
Being kicked out was the last straw for the residents.被趕出去是壓垮居民的最後一根稻草。
a double-edged sword
雙面刃；有利有弊
▶
字面「雙刃劍」，指一件事同時帶來好處與壞處。
Tourism is a double-edged sword for the city.觀光對這座城市是把雙面刃。
get on someone's nerves
惹某人心煩
▶
指某事讓人感到煩躁、受不了。
The noise from tourists really gets on the residents' nerves.遊客的噪音真的讓居民很心煩。
meet in the middle
各退一步、折衷
▶
指雙方各讓一步，達成妥協。
The city hopes both sides can meet in the middle.城市希望雙方能各退一步。
📐
核心句型文法解析
👆 點擊每個句型標題，展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 統測重點」。
句型一｜so + adj./many/much + (N) + that（如此…以至於）▼
so + many/few + 複數N + that ... so + much/little + 不可數N + that ... so + adj./adv. + that ...（結果）
The city has so many tourists that life quality has dropped.
遊客多到讓生活品質下降。（課文）
Residents are so tired of tourists that they moved away.
居民厭煩到搬走。（課文）
數量用 so many（可數）/ so much（不可數）；接名詞片語才用 such：such a crowded city that...。
統測常考 so...that / such...that / too...to 的辨析。
句型二｜The + 比較級..., the + 比較級...（越…越…）▼
The + 比較級 + S + V, the + 比較級 + S + V.
The more people visit, the more complaints are heard.
造訪的人越多，聽到的抱怨越多。（課文）
The more we learn, the more we realize its pros and cons.
了解越多，越發現它的利弊。（課文）
兩個 the 後都接比較級；✗ More people visit, more complaints...（漏 the）。
比較級可為 more + 形/副、-er，或 the more/less；統測高頻句型。
句型三｜would rather + 原形V（寧願）▼
S + would rather + 原形V (than + 原形V) （寧願做 A 也不願做 B）
Owners would rather offer their properties to tourists.
屋主寧願把房子租給遊客。（課文）
I would rather stay home than go out in the crowd.
我寧願待在家也不願擠進人群。
would rather 後接原形動詞（✗ would rather to offer / offering）；比較對象用 than + 原形。
would rather + S + 過去式（對現在的假設願望）：I'd rather you didn't smoke.
句型四｜A rather than B（是 A 而非 B）▼
... A rather than B（A、B 詞性/形式須對等）
The plan focuses on managing tourism rather than promoting it.
計畫重點在管理而非推廣觀光。（課文）
rather than 前後結構須對等：managing（V-ing）↔ promoting（V-ing）；✗ managing rather than to promote。
rather than 亦可置句首：Rather than complain, they took action.（後接原形）。
句型五｜關係代名詞 who / that（限定用法）▼
先行詞(人) + who/that + 動詞 ... 先行詞(物) + which/that + 動詞 ...
...the number of people who may visit certain landmarks.
……能參觀某些地標的人數。（課文，who 修飾 people）
...a detailed plan that focuses on managing tourism.
……著重管理觀光的詳細計畫。（課文，that 修飾 plan）
關代作主詞不可省略；限定用法前不加逗號（與補述用法 , which 相反）。
先行詞為人用 who、為物用 which，who/which 皆可用 that 代替（限定用法）。
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老師精講題（10 題・文法深度）
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學生自我測驗（10 題）
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龍騰高職英文 第五冊 第六課｜互動教學講義