👆 點擊每個句型標題,展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 統測重點」。
句型一|被動語態(含授與動詞被動)▼
S + be + 過去分詞 (p.p.) + (by 動作者)
授與動詞:人 + be + p.p. + 物(America was given the statue)
主詞是「動作的承受者」時用被動:be 動詞+過去分詞。give 為授與動詞,人當主詞時後面仍保留「物」。
In 1886, America
was given the Statue of Liberty by France.
1886 年,法國把自由女神像贈予美國。(課文)
When it
was first constructed, the statue was reddish-brown.
雕像剛建成時是紅棕色的。(課文)
✗ America was given by France the statue(物與 by 片語順序錯);✓ was given the statue by France。
統測常考主動↔被動轉換,以及 be made of / be dressed in 等被動片語。
句型二|關係代名詞 who / which / that▼
先行詞(人)+ who + V ...
先行詞(物)+ which + V ...(非限定用逗號 , which)
關係代名詞引導形容詞子句修飾前面的名詞:人用 who,物用 which,兩者皆可用 that(非限定子句不可用 that)。
The sculptors
who made this statue were inspired by Libertas.
打造這座雕像的雕刻家受到 Libertas 啟發。(課文)
Seven spikes rise from the crown,
which represent the rays of the sun.
皇冠伸出七道尖芒,代表太陽的光芒。(課文,非限定)
✗ The sculptors which made...(人不可用 which);✗ ..., that represent...(逗號後非限定不可用 that)。
統測常考 who/which/whose 辨別,以及關代可否省略。
句型三|地方副詞置句首的倒裝▼
地方副詞片語 + 動詞 + 主詞(S 與 V 倒裝)
當表「地點」的副詞片語移到句首、且主詞為名詞時,主詞與動詞要倒裝(動詞在前)。動詞須與「真主詞」一致。
In her right hand is a giant torch.
她的右手拿著一支巨大的火炬。(課文,真主詞 torch 單數→ is)
From the top of the crown rise seven spikes.
皇冠頂端伸出七道尖芒。(課文,真主詞 spikes 複數→ rise)
✗ In her right hand a giant torch is(未倒裝);動詞要與真主詞(torch/spikes)一致,不是與地方副詞。
若主詞是「代名詞」則不倒裝:Here it comes.(✗ Here comes it.)
句型四|連綴動詞 + 形容詞補語▼
S + 連綴動詞 + adj.(主詞補語)
常見:be, become, turn, get, look, seem, feel, stay
連綴動詞後接「形容詞」說明主詞狀態,不接副詞。turn/become/get + 形容詞表「變成……」。
| 連綴動詞 | 例 |
| turn + 顏色 | It turns green. 它變綠。 |
| become + adj. | became independent 變得獨立 |
| look / seem + adj. | seems perfect 看起來完美 |
The copper
turns green with exposure to air.
銅接觸空氣後變綠。(課文)
✗ It turns greenly(連綴動詞後不接副詞);✗ seems perfectly(應為 seems perfect)。
句型五|建議/要求:recommend / advise (that) S (should) + 原形▼
recommend / advise / suggest / insist (that) + S + (should) + 原形 V
提議:How about + V-ing? / What about + V-ing?
表「建議、要求」的動詞後接的 that 子句用「(should) + 原形動詞」,should 常省略。提議做某事用 How about + V-ing。
I would
recommend that you
take the stairs up to the crown.
我建議各位走樓梯上皇冠。(課文,take 用原形)
How about trying to cut some other costs?
不如試著省下其他開支?(課文,How about + V-ing)
✗ recommend that you takes(子句動詞不加 s,用原形);✗ How about to try(How about 後接 V-ing)。
統測常考 suggest/advise/insist + (should) 原形,以及 advise sb. to V 的差異。