L4: Dopamine: Finding Balance for a Happier Life ── 龍騰高職英文第四冊

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課文逐句精講 — Dopamine: Finding Balance for a Happier Life

句型標記說明： S 主詞 V 動詞 O 受詞 C 補語 M 修飾語／副詞子句點擊每行句子展開詳細解析 ↓

📄 第一段｜多巴胺是什麼？

▶Have you ever felt that you can't stop checking your phone?

你曾經感覺自己停不下來、一直查看手機嗎？

句構分析 S主詞you V動詞Have...felt O受詞子句that you can't stop checking your phone

文法：現在完成式 Have you ever + p.p. 用來詢問「曾經有過的經驗」。stop + V-ing 表「停止做某事」；stop to V 表「停下來去做某事」，兩者意義截然不同。

▶Or have you felt excited after eating your favorite snack?

或者你有沒有在吃了最喜歡的零食之後感到興奮？

句構分析 S主詞you V動詞have felt C主詞補語excited M時間副詞片語after eating your favorite snack

字詞：excited（人感到興奮，-ed 形容詞修飾人）。after eating 為介系詞片語，介系詞後接動名詞 (V-ing)。

▶These sudden but powerful feelings are linked to dopamine, a chemical that causes your brain to feel pleasure and pushes you to take action.

這些突如其來卻強烈的感覺都與多巴胺有關，多巴胺是一種讓大腦感受到快樂並促使你採取行動的化學物質。

句構分析 S主詞These sudden but powerful feelings V動詞are linked to O受詞dopamine M同位語a chemical that causes your brain to feel pleasure and pushes you to take action

文法：逗號後的 a chemical that... 是同位語，進一步解釋 dopamine。關係代名詞 that 引導形容詞子句，修飾 a chemical。cause + O + to V（使……做某事）和 push + O + to V（促使……做某事）均為使役動詞結構。

▶When you do something rewarding, dopamine is released in your brain, where the chemical rush encourages you to repeat the behavior.

當你做一件有回報的事情時，多巴胺就會在大腦中釋放，那種化學物質的湧入會促使你重複這個行為。

句構分析 M時間副詞子句When you do something rewarding S主詞dopamine V被動動詞is released M地方副詞in your brain 關係副詞子句where the chemical rush encourages you to repeat the behavior

文法：where 為關係副詞，代替 in your brain，引導非限定子句。encourage + O + to V（鼓勵某人做某事）。rewarding（有回報的、值得做的）是 -ing 形容詞，修飾事物。

▶Moreover, it drives you to participate in new activities and stay engaged.

此外，它驅使你參與新活動並保持投入。

句構分析 M連接副詞Moreover S主詞it V動詞drives O受詞you M不定詞片語to participate in new activities and stay engaged

字詞：drive + O + to V（驅使……去做）。participate in（參與……）為固定片語，不可說 participate at。engaged 在此意為「投入的、專注的」。

▶In short, dopamine is a key part of the body's reward center, driving us to seek out more ways to experience pleasure.

簡言之，多巴胺是身體獎勵中樞的關鍵部分，驅使我們去尋找更多體驗快樂的方式。

句構分析 M副詞片語In short S主詞dopamine V動詞is C主詞補語a key part of the body's reward center M分詞構句driving us to seek out more ways to experience pleasure

片語：in short（簡言之）= in brief = in a word。seek out（尋找；尋求）。分詞構句 driving... 修飾主詞 dopamine，表示附加描述。

📄 第二段｜多巴胺失衡的問題

▶However, there are also situations when dopamine levels become unbalanced.

然而，也存在多巴胺水平失衡的情況。

句構分析 M連接副詞However V虛主詞句型there are S真正主詞situations 關係副詞子句when dopamine levels become unbalanced

文法：there + be 存在句。關係副詞 when 代替 in which，修飾 situations。unbalanced（不平衡的）= 過去分詞作形容詞。

▶Certain lifestyle habits, such as constant snacking or using social media too much, can cause frequent release of dopamine.

某些生活習慣，例如不斷吃零食或過度使用社群媒體，可能導致多巴胺頻繁釋放。

句構分析 S主詞Certain lifestyle habits M插入語（舉例）such as constant snacking or using social media too much V動詞can cause O受詞frequent release of dopamine

字詞：such as（例如）後面用逗號包夾，為插入語，不影響主要句型。constant（持續不斷的）= 形容詞，修飾 snacking。frequent（頻繁的）修飾 release。

▶This can make you overly emotional or more likely to do things without thinking.

這可能讓你過度情緒化，或是更容易不加思考地行事。

句構分析 S主詞This V使役動詞can make O受詞you C受詞補語overly emotional or more likely to do things without thinking

文法重點：make + O + adj.（使役動詞）。此句 make you + 形容詞（overly emotional / more likely）。without thinking = without + V-ing，介系詞後接動名詞。

▶On the other hand, poor diet or lack of sleep can bring about reduced dopamine production.

另一方面，不良飲食或缺乏睡眠可能導致多巴胺產量下降。

句構分析 M對比連接副詞On the other hand S主詞poor diet or lack of sleep V動詞片語can bring about O受詞reduced dopamine production

片語：bring about（導致；引起）= cause = result in。reduced 在此為形容詞，修飾 production（產量降低的）。lack of（缺乏……）後接名詞。

▶Low dopamine can make you feel tired or unmotivated so that even small tasks feel too hard.

低多巴胺會讓你感到疲倦或缺乏動力，以至於連小事都感覺太難了。

句構分析 S主詞Low dopamine V使役動詞can make O受詞you C受詞補語feel tired or unmotivated M結果子句so that even small tasks feel too hard

文法重點：so + adj./adv. + that...（如此……以至於……）。此句 make you feel + 形容詞（tired / unmotivated）是使役動詞句型。so that 引導結果子句。

▶In serious cases, it can lead to depression.

在嚴重的情況下，它可能導致憂鬱症。

句構分析 M條件副詞片語In serious cases S主詞it V動詞片語can lead to O受詞depression

字詞：lead to + N/V-ing（導致）= result in = cause。depression（憂鬱症；沮喪）為核心字彙，也可指「不景氣」（economic depression）。

📄 第三段｜如何維持健康的多巴胺水平

▶To ensure that you maintain a healthy dopamine level, experts recommend small, positive steps.

為了確保你維持健康的多巴胺水平，專家建議採取小而積極的步驟。

句構分析 M目的不定詞片語To ensure that you maintain a healthy dopamine level S主詞experts V動詞recommend O受詞small, positive steps

字詞：ensure (that) + S + V（確保……）；that 可省略。recommend + N / V-ing（建議……），後面接動名詞而非不定詞。例：recommend doing，不說 recommend to do。

▶For instance, you can set limits on your daily screen time or replace phone with activities like exercise and making social connections.

例如，你可以設定每日使用螢幕的時間限制，或用運動和建立社交連結等活動來取代手機。

句構分析 M舉例副詞For instance S主詞you V動詞can set...or replace O受詞limits on your daily screen time / phone with activities

片語：set limits on（對……設限）。replace A with B（用 B 取代 A）= substitute B for A。making social connections（建立社交連結）= 動名詞片語作受詞。

▶Eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep can also help keep dopamine levels in check.

均衡飲食和充足睡眠也有助於控制多巴胺水平。

句構分析 S動名詞片語主詞Eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep V動詞can also help O受詞keep dopamine levels in check

文法重點：動名詞片語當主詞。Eating...and getting... 並列兩個動名詞片語作主詞，視為整體，動詞用複數 can help。keep...in check（控制；抑制）是本課重要片語。

▶Moreover, try to become more aware of your thoughts and desires.

此外，試著對自己的想法和慾望更有覺察力。

句構分析 M連接副詞Moreover V祈使動詞try O不定詞片語to become more aware of your thoughts and desires

字詞：be aware of（意識到……；察覺……）。desire（慾望；渴望）為本課核心字彙，可作名詞或動詞。try to V（試圖去做），與 try V-ing（試試看做某事）語意不同。

▶When you pause to think before acting, you can make better choices in the long run.

當你在行動前先暫停思考，從長遠來看，你能做出更好的選擇。

句構分析 M時間副詞子句When you pause to think before acting S主詞you V動詞can make O受詞better choices M副詞片語in the long run

片語：in the long run（長遠來看；終究）= in the long term。pause to think（暫停下來思考），pause to V 表「停下來去做某事」。

▶As you build healthier habits, you'll rely on instant rewards less and enjoy life's simple pleasures more.

隨著你建立更健康的習慣，你會越來越少依賴即時獎勵，也會更多地享受生活中的簡單樂趣。

句構分析 M時間副詞子句As you build healthier habits S主詞you V動詞will rely on...less and enjoy...more

片語：rely on（依賴；仰賴）= depend on。instant rewards（即時獎勵）。as 在此為連接詞，意為「隨著……」（表時間漸進）。

▶In summary, it is important to keep things in balance.

總而言之，保持事物的平衡是很重要的。

句構分析 M副詞片語In summary S虛主詞it V動詞is C主詞補語important S真正主詞to keep things in balance

文法：It is + adj. + to V（虛主詞句型）；it 是虛主詞，真正主詞是 to keep things in balance。in summary（總而言之）= in conclusion = to sum up。

▶Dopamine is a powerful tool helping us stay motivated and cheerful, but we shouldn't let it control our lives.

多巴胺是一個強大的工具，幫助我們保持積極和開心，但我們不應該讓它控制我們的生活。

句構分析 S主詞Dopamine V動詞is C主詞補語a powerful tool M現在分詞片語helping us stay motivated and cheerful

字詞：powerful（強大的；有力的）是本課核心字彙。let + O + V原形（讓……做……），let 為使役動詞，不接 to V。motivated（有動力的）、cheerful（愉快的）。

▶With the right amount of dopamine, you can increase your enjoyment of life.

有了適量的多巴胺，你就能提升對生活的享受。

句構分析 M條件副詞片語With the right amount of dopamine S主詞you V動詞can increase O受詞your enjoyment of life

字詞：the right amount of（適量的……）。enjoyment 是 enjoy 的名詞形（enjoy → enjoyment）。本句是全文結語，強調「平衡」的重要性。

💡 點擊任何句子展開中文翻譯、句構分析與老師筆記。再次點擊即可收合。

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對話精講 — 三人討論多巴胺

人物： ● Jeffrey（藍） ● Catherine（綠） ● Daniel（橙）

💬 Jeffrey

▶Oh, hi there, Daniel. Is everything okay?

喔，嘿，丹尼爾。你還好嗎？

口語：hi there 是較隨意的打招呼語，接近「嘿，你好」。Is everything okay? 是表達關心對方的常用語。

💬 Daniel

▶I get sad easily these days. Maybe I'm just tired. I've had a few late nights recently.

我最近很容易感到難過。也許我只是累了。我最近熬了幾個夜。

文法：get + adj.（變得……）= become。I've had a few late nights（我有幾個晚上熬夜）= 現在完成式，強調近期的影響。recently 常與現在完成式連用。

💬 Catherine

▶Oh, that's a shame. Getting enough sleep is super important, you know.

喔，真可惜。你也知道，充足的睡眠非常重要。

句構分析 S動名詞主詞Getting enough sleep V動詞is C主詞補語super important

文法：動名詞當主詞。Getting enough sleep 是動名詞片語作主詞，視為單一概念，故動詞用單數 is。That's a shame（真可惜；太遺憾了）= That's a pity。

💬 Daniel

▶I know, but I really get a buzz from chatting with my friends on social media!

我知道，但是和朋友在社群媒體上聊天真的讓我很亢奮！

口語：get a buzz from（從……得到刺激感；因……而感到興奮）= get excited from。此為口語慣用語，buzz 本意是「嗡嗡聲」，引申為「興奮感、亢奮感」，對應課文中的「多巴胺釋放」帶來的快感。

💬 Jeffrey

▶Well, did you see this article? That buzz might not be so healthy...

這個嘛，你有看這篇文章嗎？那種亢奮感可能沒那麼健康……

句型：might not be（可能不是）= 表示不確定、推測語氣。Jeffrey 在此引導話題，暗示過多的多巴胺刺激（buzz）其實有害。

💬 Daniel

▶Really? But releasing feel-good chemicals into your brain is good for you.

真的嗎？但是把讓人感覺良好的化學物質釋放到大腦不是對你有好處嗎？

句構分析 S動名詞主詞releasing feel-good chemicals into your brain V動詞is C主詞補語good for you

字詞：feel-good 為複合形容詞（連字號），修飾 chemicals。be good for（對……有益）↔ be bad for（對……有害）。動名詞片語 releasing... 作主詞。

💬 Catherine

▶You bet! However, you need to release them in the right way.

沒錯！然而，你需要用正確的方式釋放它們。

口語：You bet!（當然！絕對是！）= Absolutely! / Of course! 是口語中表示強力肯定的慣用語。in the right way（用正確的方式）= correctly。

💬 Daniel

▶Right, like exercising, sleeping well, or eating healthy foods.

對，像是運動、睡好覺，或吃健康的食物。

文法：三個動名詞並列（exercising, sleeping well, eating healthy foods），以逗號和 or 連接。這是對話中的舉例（like = such as），由 Daniel 回應出正確的多巴胺釋放方式。

💬 Jeffrey

▶Oh, I see. So, it's not just about the chemistry. What you need is good chemistry.

喔，我明白了。所以，這不只是關於化學物質。你需要的是良好的化學反應（好的相處）。

雙關語：chemistry 本意是「化學；化學物質」，但在對話中有雙關——good chemistry 也可指「良好的默契、融洽的關係」。Jeffrey 在此使用雙關語，為對話增添幽默感。

💬 Daniel

▶Exactly!

完全正確！

口語：Exactly!（完全正確！）= That's exactly right! 是表示完全同意的強調語。

💬 Catherine

▶You mean like the chemistry between you two?

你是說像你們兩個之間的默契嗎？

雙關語延伸：Catherine 把 chemistry（化學/默契）的雙關意義推進一步，指 Jeffrey 和 Daniel 兩人之間的默契，為對話增添趣味結尾。You mean...?（你的意思是……？）= Do you mean...?

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核心字彙 × 12

powerful adj.

強大的；有力的

▶

power (n.) 力量 powerfully (adv.) 強而有力地 powerless (adj.) 無力的

Dopamine sends a powerful signal to the brain. 多巴胺向大腦發送強烈的信號。

💡 常考：powerful = strong/forceful（強而有力的）

link v. / n.

連結；與……有關

▶

linked (adj.) 相連的 linkage (n.) 連結；關聯

These feelings are linked to dopamine. 這些感覺與多巴胺有關。

There is a strong link between sleep and mood. 睡眠與情緒之間有強烈的關聯。

💡 be linked to = be connected to = be related to

rewarding adj.

有回報的；值得做的

▶

reward (n./v.) 報酬；獎勵 rewarded (adj.) 得到回報的

When you do something rewarding, dopamine is released. 當你做一件有回報的事時，多巴胺就會釋放。

💡 rewarding（事物令人有成就感）↔ rewarded（人獲得了回報）

release v. / n.

釋放；分泌

▶

release (n.) 釋放；發行

Dopamine is released in your brain when you feel good. 當你感覺良好時，多巴胺就會在大腦中釋放。

The release of dopamine encourages you to repeat the behavior. 多巴胺的釋放鼓勵你重複該行為。

💡 release 也可指「新歌/電影發行」= The new album was released last Friday.

participate v.

參與；參加

▶

participation (n.) 參與 participant (n.) 參與者

Dopamine drives you to participate in new activities. 多巴胺驅使你參與新的活動。

💡 participate in（固定搭配，介系詞用 in，不用 at）= take part in

engaged adj.

投入的；專注的；訂婚的

▶

engage (v.) 使投入；吸引 engagement (n.) 投入；訂婚 engaging (adj.) 吸引人的

Dopamine helps you stay engaged in activities. 多巴胺幫助你在活動中保持投入。

💡 多義字：engaged = 投入的 / 訂婚的（engaged couple 訂婚的一對）

constant adj.

持續的；不斷的

▶

constantly (adv.) 不斷地 constancy (n.) 持續；恆常

Constant snacking can cause frequent release of dopamine. 不斷地吃零食可能導致多巴胺頻繁釋放。

💡 constant = continuous / unceasing（不間斷的）；constantly = always（總是在做某事）

frequent adj.

頻繁的；時常發生的

▶

frequently (adv.) 頻繁地 frequency (n.) 頻率

Bad habits can cause frequent release of dopamine. 不良習慣可能導致多巴胺頻繁釋放。

💡 frequent（頻繁的）vs. constant（持續不斷的）：frequent 強調次數多，constant 強調連續不中斷。

depression n.

憂鬱症；沮喪；不景氣

▶

depressed (adj.) 感到沮喪的 depressing (adj.) 令人沮喪的 depress (v.) 使沮喪

Low dopamine can lead to depression. 低多巴胺可能導致憂鬱症。

💡 -ed/-ing 辨別：He feels depressed.（他很沮喪）/ The news is depressing.（這消息令人沮喪）

ensure v.

確保；保證

▶

assure (v.) 向……保證（接人） insure (v.) 投保

To ensure that you maintain a healthy dopamine level, follow these steps. 為了確保你維持健康的多巴胺水平，請遵循這些步驟。

💡 ensure (that) + S + V（確保……）。ensure / assure / insure 三字辨別！

recommend v.

建議；推薦

▶

recommendation (n.) 建議；推薦 recommended (adj.) 被推薦的

Experts recommend small, positive steps to boost dopamine. 專家建議採取小而積極的步驟來提升多巴胺。

💡 recommend + N / V-ing（不接 to V）：I recommend reading this article. ✓ I recommend to read... ✗

desire n. / v.

慾望；渴望

▶

desirable (adj.) 令人嚮往的 desired (adj.) 渴望得到的

Try to become more aware of your thoughts and desires. 試著對自己的想法和慾望更有覺察力。

She desires a life free from stress. 她渴望過一種無壓力的生活。

💡 desire (n.) = longing / craving；desire (v.) = want strongly / long for

💡 點擊單字卡展開字族、例句與考試重點。每張卡右側有🔊發音按鈕。

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片語講解 × 6

片語	中文意思	課文例句 & 說明
in short	簡言之；總之	In short, dopamine is a key part of the body's reward center. 簡言之，多巴胺是身體獎勵中樞的關鍵部分。 = in brief / in a word / to sum up（放句首，後加逗號）
bring about	導致；引起	Poor diet can bring about reduced dopamine production. 不良飲食可能導致多巴胺產量減少。 = cause / lead to / result in（皆後接名詞）
keep sth. in check	控制；抑制……	Eating well can help keep dopamine levels in check. 均衡飲食有助於控制多巴胺水平。 = keep sth. under control / restrain sth.
in the long run	長遠來看；終究	When you pause to think, you make better choices in the long run. 當你先暫停思考，長遠來看你能做出更好的選擇。 = in the long term ↔ in the short run（短期來看）
rely on	依賴；仰賴	You'll rely on instant rewards less as you build healthier habits. 隨著你建立更健康的習慣，你對即時獎勵的依賴會越來越少。 = depend on / count on（固定接介系詞 on，後接名詞/V-ing）
in summary	總而言之	In summary, it is important to keep things in balance. 總而言之，保持事物的平衡是很重要的。 = in conclusion / to conclude / in short（放句首，後加逗號）

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文法句型 × 3

① 使役動詞 make + O + adj. / V原形 ▼

make + 受詞 (O) + 形容詞 (adj.) → 使某人/某物處於某種狀態 make + 受詞 (O) + 動詞原形 (V) → 使某人做某件事

make 是使役動詞，後面可接「受詞 + 形容詞」或「受詞 + 動詞原形」，表示「使某人/物處於某狀態」或「使某人做某事」。

Dopamine makes you feel pleasure.

多巴胺使你感受到快樂。（make + O + V原形：feel）

This can make you overly emotional.

這可能讓你過度情緒化。（make + O + adj.：overly emotional）

Low dopamine can make you feel tired or unmotivated.

低多巴胺會讓你感到疲倦或缺乏動力。

使役動詞	後接結構	例句
make	O + V原形（主動）/ O + adj.	make her cry / make him sad
let	O + V原形	let me try
have	O + V原形（主動）/ O + p.p.（被動）	have him fix it / have it fixed
get	O + to V（主動）/ O + p.p.（被動）	get him to help / get it done

make 後面的動詞用「原形」，不加 to！✗ make you to feel ✓ make you feel

課文也出現 cause + O + to V（使某人做某事）和 push + O + to V（促使某人做某事），這兩個接 to V，和 make/let 不同。

② so + adj./adv. + that... 結果子句 ▼

S + V + so + adj./adv. + that + S + V （如此……以至於……）若後接名詞片語： S + V + such + (a/an) + adj. + N + that + S + V

so...that 句型表示「程度」導致某個「結果」，that 子句說明結果。

Low dopamine can make you feel tired so that even small tasks feel too hard.

低多巴胺讓你感到疲倦，以至於連小事都感覺太難了。

The news was so shocking that everyone was speechless.

那個消息如此震驚，以至於每個人都說不出話來。

It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.

天氣熱得我們待在室內不出門。（so → such，後接名詞片語 a hot day）

型態	後接	例句
so	形容詞 / 副詞	so tired that...
such	a(n) + adj. + 可數單數名詞	such a nice day that...
such	adj. + 複數名詞 / 不可數名詞	such good books that... / such great weather that...

✗ so a hot day that...（so 後不可直接接名詞）→ 要改用 such a hot day that...

課文 so that 也可表「目的」（= in order that），需依上下文判斷是「結果」還是「目的」。

③ 動名詞片語當主詞 ▼

V-ing (片語) + 單數動詞 + ... （動名詞片語視為單一概念，動詞用單數）兩個動名詞片語並列： V-ing ... and V-ing ... + 動詞（視情況單/複數）

動名詞（V-ing）可以作為句子的主詞，代表一個動作或概念，通常視為單一概念，接單數動詞。

Eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep can also help keep dopamine levels in check.

均衡飲食和充足睡眠也有助於控制多巴胺水平。（兩個動名詞片語並列，視為一整體）

Getting enough sleep is super important.

充足的睡眠是非常重要的。（單一動名詞片語 → 單數動詞 is）

Releasing feel-good chemicals into your brain is good for you.

把讓人感覺良好的化學物質釋放到大腦對你有好處。

主詞形式	動詞形式	例句
V-ing（動名詞）	單數動詞	Swimming is fun.
To V（不定詞）	單數動詞	To swim is fun.
A and B 並列（兩個獨立概念）	複數動詞	Eating and sleeping are both important.

✗ Eating a balanced diet are important.（動名詞主詞用單數動詞）✓ Eating a balanced diet IS important.

It is + adj. + to V 是動名詞主詞的替代句型（虛主詞句型）：It is important to eat well. = Eating well is important.

✏️

練習題 × 8 — 核心字彙應用

點選選項作答，系統即時回饋正確答案與詳細解析。

✍️

文法填空練習（20 題）

👆 依中文提示，將括號中的字改為正確的文法形式，直接打在空格中；寫完按「看解答」對答案。也適合列印後手寫作答。

A quick walk outside can make you (feel) more energetic before class.

出門散步一下能讓你在上課前感覺更有活力。

✅ 正解：feel

Skipping breakfast often makes Daniel (irritate) by mid-morning.

不吃早餐常讓丹尼爾到了接近中午時變得容易生氣。

✅ 正解：irritated

Too much screen time can make teenagers less (motivate) to study.

過多的螢幕使用時間可能讓青少年比較沒有動力唸書。

✅ 正解：motivated

Catherine's kind words made Daniel (feel) better about himself.

凱瑟琳貼心的話讓丹尼爾對自己感覺好多了。

✅ 正解：feel

Constant snacking can make your dopamine levels (drop) suddenly.

不斷吃零食可能讓你的多巴胺水平突然下降。

✅ 正解：drop

The teacher let the students (choose) their own topics for the report.

老師讓學生自己選擇報告的主題。

✅ 正解：choose

A balanced lifestyle makes people (happiness) in the long run.

均衡的生活方式長遠來看會讓人更快樂。

✅ 正解：happy

The dopamine rush from her phone was so (power) that Catherine checked it every few minutes.

手機帶來的多巴胺衝擊如此強烈，讓凱瑟琳每隔幾分鐘就查看一次。

✅ 正解：powerful

Daniel's late nights were so (frequency) that he felt tired all week.

丹尼爾熬夜熬得如此頻繁，讓他整週都感到疲倦。

✅ 正解：frequent

The article was so (convince) that Jeffrey changed his daily habits immediately.

這篇文章如此有說服力，讓傑佛瑞立刻改變了他的日常習慣。

✅ 正解：convincing

It was such a (reward) experience that she wanted to repeat it again and again.

那是一次如此有回報的經驗，讓她想要一再重複。

✅ 正解：rewarding

Low dopamine made him feel so (tire) that even small tasks felt too hard.

低多巴胺讓他感到如此疲倦，以至於連小事都覺得太難了。

✅ 正解：tired

The lack of sleep was so (harm) to her focus that she failed the quiz.

睡眠不足對她的專注力如此有害，讓她這次小考不及格。

✅ 正解：harmful

Their discussion about dopamine was so (interest) that class ended before they noticed.

他們關於多巴胺的討論如此有趣，讓下課了他們都沒注意到。

✅ 正解：interesting

(exercise) regularly helps the brain release dopamine in a healthy way.

規律運動有助於大腦以健康的方式釋放多巴胺。

✅ 正解：Exercising

(limit) screen time is one simple way to protect your dopamine balance.

限制螢幕使用時間是保護多巴胺平衡的一個簡單方法。

✅ 正解：Limiting

(eat) a balanced diet and getting enough sleep can keep your mood stable.

均衡飲食和充足睡眠能讓你的情緒保持穩定。

✅ 正解：Eating

(chat) with friends on social media can give Daniel a quick sense of pleasure.

在社群媒體上和朋友聊天能讓丹尼爾產生短暫的快感。

✅ 正解：Chatting

(pause) to think before acting often leads to better choices.

在行動前先暫停思考，往往能帶來更好的選擇。

✅ 正解：Pausing

(build) healthier habits takes time, but it is worth the effort.

建立更健康的習慣需要時間，但這是值得的努力。

✅ 正解：Building

🔄

句子改寫練習（10 題）

👆 依指示將兩句合併或改寫成一個正確的英文句子，寫在下方欄位中；寫完按「看參考答案」對答案。

A. Catherine speaks kind words to Daniel. + B. Daniel feels better about himself.

請用 make + 受詞 + 動詞原形合併成一句。

✅ Catherine's kind words make Daniel feel better about himself.

A. Daniel checks social media constantly. + B. He feels a small rush of pleasure each time.

請用 make + O + 動詞原形合併成一句。

✅ Checking social media constantly makes Daniel feel a small rush of pleasure each time.

A. Low dopamine levels affect Daniel. + B. He feels tired and unmotivated.

請用 make + O + 形容詞合併成一句。

✅ Low dopamine levels make Daniel tired and unmotivated.

A. The students choose their own topics for the report. + B. The teacher allows this.

請用 let + O + 動詞原形合併成一句。

✅ The teacher lets the students choose their own topics for the report.

A. The song was very catchy. + B. Catherine listened to it all day.

請用 so...that 合併成一句。

✅ The song was so catchy that Catherine listened to it all day.

A. It was a very stressful week. + B. Daniel could hardly sleep.

請用 such...that 合併成一句。

✅ It was such a stressful week that Daniel could hardly sleep.

A. Jeffrey's motivation dropped very quickly. + B. He almost gave up the project.

請用 so...that 合併成一句（副詞句型）。

✅ Jeffrey's motivation dropped so quickly that he almost gave up the project.

A. You get enough sleep every night. + B. This helps your brain balance dopamine levels.

請將前句改為動名詞片語當主詞，合併成一句。

✅ Getting enough sleep every night helps your brain balance dopamine levels.

A. People chat with friends on social media. + B. This gives them a quick sense of pleasure.

請將前句改為動名詞片語當主詞，合併成一句。

✅ Chatting with friends on social media gives people a quick sense of pleasure.

A. You pause to think before acting. + B. You build healthier habits over time.

請將兩個動名詞片語當主詞並列（用 and 連接，動詞用複數），合併成一句，表達「兩者對於平衡的生活都很重要」。

✅ Pausing to think before acting and building healthier habits over time are both important for a balanced life.

🔀

句子重組（10 題）

👆 依序點選下方詞組，把句子排回正確順序；點錯可再點一次移回。排好後按「檢查」看對錯，或按「看正解」直接顯示答案。

🎮

單字配對遊戲（核心字彙 12 字）

👆 先點左邊的英文單字，再點右邊對應的中文意思；配對正確會變綠色鎖定，配對錯誤會閃紅重來。全部配對完成即過關！

配對成功：0 / 12⏱ 00:00

L4: Dopamine: Finding Balance for a Happier Life ── 多巴胺：找到快樂生活的平衡