Dialogue 場景在體育課:Henry 和 Lucy 剛跑完 800 公尺正在休息,聊起各種趣味路跑。Reading〈Fun Runs〉介紹兩種最受歡迎的趣味路跑——runDisney 與 Zombie Run,全文大量使用各種時態的被動語態。以下英文逐字取自課本。
| 片語 | 中文 | 例句(含翻譯) |
|---|---|---|
| take part in | 參加 | I’ll take part in the Zombie Run soon.我不久要參加殭屍路跑。(課文) |
| dress up in / as | 穿上……/打扮成…… | Runners dress up in funny costumes.跑者穿上好笑的服裝。(課文) |
| be held | 被舉辦 | Sumo Runs are also held in Taiwan.臺灣也有舉辦相撲路跑。(課文) |
| be called | 被稱為 | It was called the Sumo Run.它叫做相撲路跑。(課文) |
| some day in the future | 將來某天 | I’ll try one some day in the future.將來某天我要試試。(課文) |
| to be honest | 老實說 | To be honest, I’m not a great runner.老實說,我不太會跑步。(課文) |
| set off | 出發;施放(煙火) | After the runners set off, they see fireworks.跑者出發後會看到煙火。(課文) |
| blow sb kisses / blow kisses to sb | 對某人送飛吻 | Disney characters blow them kisses.迪士尼角色對他們送飛吻。(課文) |
| as a prize | 作為獎品 | A medal is given to them as a prize.一面獎牌被當作獎品頒給他們。(課文) |
| hunt for | 追獵;搜尋 | Zombies hunt for them everywhere.殭屍到處追獵他們。(課文) |
| all along the way | 一路上 | Screams can be heard all along the way.一路上都聽得到尖叫。(課文) |
| stay alive | 活下來 | To stay alive, keep your life flags.要活下來,就得保住生命旗。(課文) |
| pull off | 扯下 | The zombies try to pull off the flags.殭屍們想扯下旗子。(課文) |
| take away | 拿走 | If a runner’s flags are all taken away, the runner is out.旗子全被拿走就出局。(課文) |
| go together | 搭配在一起 | “Run” and “fun” don’t go together.「跑步」和「好玩」搭不在一起。(課文) |
| for fun | 為了好玩 | You can really run for fun.你真的可以為了好玩而跑。(課文) |
| according to | 根據 | According to the reading, who may take part in the runDisney?根據文章,誰可能參加 runDisney?(課本閱讀題) |
當「動作的接受者」比「做動作的人」更重要時用被動。be 動詞決定時態與單複數,p.p. 決定動作。行為者不重要、不知道或是一般人(people, they)時,by…可省略。
過去式被動用 was / were + p.p.。改寫時最常錯在「be 動詞沒跟新主詞一致」和「代名詞沒改成受格」。
| 主動 | 被動 |
|---|---|
| A girl found my wallet. | My wallet was found by a girl. |
| They gave each runner three flags. | Each runner was given three flags. |
| He moved my notebooks. | My notebooks were moved by him. |
助動詞後面一律接原形 be,再接 p.p.。否定:will not be / can’t be + p.p.;問句:Will / Can + S + be + p.p.…?
把「現在完成式 have + p.p.」和「被動 be + p.p.」結合:have / has + been + p.p.。常配 since / for / already / yet。
不是所有動詞都能改被動:沒有受詞的動詞(不及物)與連綴動詞都不行。另外,make / see / hear + O + 原形 V 改被動時,要補回 to。
| 錯誤 | 正確 |
|---|---|
| The accident was happened. | The accident happened. |
| The cake is tasted good. | The cake tastes good. |
| Who were the pictures taken by?(可) | By whom were the pictures taken? |
| They made us run. → We were made run. | We were made to run. |