Dialogue 場景在教室:Sandy 和 Mina 聊彼此喜歡的 K-pop 團體(SEVENTEEN 的粉絲叫 CARAT、i-dle 的粉絲叫 Neverland)。Reading 介紹 i-dle 的臺灣成員舒華的追夢故事:前段講過去(過去式),「Since 2018」之後講到現在(現在完成式),正好練習兩種時態的判斷。以下英文逐字取自課本。
| 片語 | 中文 | 例句(含翻譯) |
|---|---|---|
| key chain | 鑰匙圈 | Is that a SEVENTEEN key chain?那是 SEVENTEEN 的鑰匙圈嗎?(課文) |
| a fan of… | ……的粉絲 | I’m a fan of i-dle too.我也是 i-dle 的粉絲。(課文) |
| appear on TV | 上電視 | They’ve appeared on many TV programs.他們上過很多電視節目。(課文) |
| see…live | 看……的現場演出 | I really hope to see them live one day.我真希望有一天能看他們的現場演出。(課文) |
| save money | 存錢 | You can save money to get a ticket.你可以存錢買票。(課文) |
| treat…well | 善待…… | They treat fans so well.他們對粉絲超好。(課文) |
| do one’s best to V | 盡全力做…… | They always do their best to perform.他們總是盡全力表演。(課文) |
| dream of V-ing | 夢想做…… | She dreamed of performing on a big stage.她夢想站上大舞臺表演。(課文) |
| come true | 實現;成真 | Our dreams can come true.我們的夢想能成真。(課文) |
| even though | 即使 | Even though i-dle has become famous, her challenges never end.即使 i-dle 已經成名,她的挑戰從未結束。(課文) |
| give up | 放棄 | She often felt lonely, yet she never gave up.她常覺得寂寞,然而從不放棄。(課文) |
| all over the world | 全世界 | She has won fans from all over the world.她贏得了世界各地的粉絲。(課文) |
| keep V-ing | 持續…… | She keeps working hard.她持續努力。(課文) |
| ups and downs | 起起落落 | Her life has a lot of ups and downs.她的人生有許多起伏。(課文) |
| believe in oneself | 相信自己 | She believes in herself.她相信自己。(課文) |
| wake…up | 使醒來;使醒悟 | Something serious happened. It woke me up.發生了嚴重的事,讓我醒悟。(Word Power) |
| have been to / have gone to | 去過/去了(人不在) | Have you been to their concert before?你以前去過他們的演唱會嗎?(課文) |
現在完成式表示「從過去到現在」的完成、經驗、持續。have / has 是助動詞,否定直接加 not,問句把 have / has 移到句首。課本動詞三態分 AAA、ABA、ABB、ABC 四型。
| 類型 | 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 p.p. |
|---|---|---|---|
| AAA | cut / read | cut / read [rɛd] | cut / read [rɛd] |
| ABA | become / run | became / ran | become / run |
| ABB | leave / pay / send | left / paid / sent | left / paid / sent |
| ABC | be / do / eat / go | was, were / did / ate / went | been / done / eaten / gone |
| 規則 | plan / study / dance | planned / studied / danced | planned / studied / danced |
already 放在 have 與 p.p. 中間;yet 放否定句、疑問句句尾。課本對照:Tom left the house.(過去式,只說過去某時離開)vs. Tom has already left the house.(完成式,強調已經離開、現在不在)。
表「經驗」常配 ever(曾經,問句)、never(從未)、before(以前)、once / twice / many times;問次數用 How many times…?
| 用法 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have been to | 曾經去過(已回來) | Have you been to their concert before?(課文) |
| have gone to | 去了某地(還沒回來) | Dad has gone to Japan. He isn’t home. |
| have been in | 待在某地多久 | We have been in Taipei for a year. |
for 接「一段時間」,since 接「起點」。瞬間動詞(die, buy, join, leave, begin)不能配 for / since,要換成表「狀態」的說法。
| 瞬間動詞(✗ 配 for) | 改成狀態(✓) |
|---|---|
| die | be dead |
| buy | have |
| join | be in / be a member of |
| leave | be away |
| begin | be on |
只要句子出現明確的過去時間點,就只能用過去式;強調「從過去到現在」的經驗、持續或結果,才用現在完成式。課文就有現成的對照組。
| 過去式(課文) | 現在完成式(課文) |
|---|---|
| Shuhua became a member … in 2018. | Since 2018, she has performed in many shows. |
| I watched i-dle’s concert … last October. | I haven’t seen SEVENTEEN live. |
| I saved for months(事情已結束) | I’ve been a CARAT for more than three years(持續到現在) |