Dialogue 場景在學校:Tom 和 Rita 聊「昨天做了什麼」,Tom 因電影《Coco》想起過世的爺爺。Reading 是作者兩個月前到墨西哥朋友 Rosa 家過亡靈節的經驗,並和臺灣的清明節做比較。
| 片語 | 中文 | 例句(含翻譯) |
|---|---|---|
| look after | 照顧 | My grandfather looked after me all the time.我爺爺一直都在照顧我。 |
| after all | 畢竟 | After all, I have so many happy memories with him.畢竟,我和他有好多快樂的回憶。 |
| pass away | 過世 | He passed away last year.他去年過世了。 |
| remind...of | 使(某人)想起 | It reminded me of my grandfather.它讓我想起我的爺爺。 |
| dress up (in) | 穿上……打扮 | We dressed up in costumes.我們穿上服裝打扮。 |
| a few | 一些;幾個 | A few years ago, my parents were very busy.幾年前,我爸媽非常忙。 |
| all the time | 一直;總是 | He looked after me all the time.他一直照顧我。 |
| sweep tombs | 掃墓 | During the festival, they also sweep tombs.節慶期間他們也會掃墓。 |
| with joy | 歡欣地 | People celebrate the Day of the Dead with joy.人們歡欣地慶祝亡靈節。 |
| in a ... way | 以……的方式 | They remember their dead relatives in a lively way.他們用充滿活力的方式紀念親人。 |
| see...in different ways | 用不同方式看待 | People see death in different ways.人們用不同方式看待死亡。 |
| invite...back to | 邀請……回到 | We invited the ghosts back to our world.我們把鬼魂邀請回到我們的世界。 |
| share...with | 和……分享 | They shared touching stories with me.他們和我分享感人的故事。 |
| be all about | 完全是關於 | The Day of the Dead is all about love.亡靈節完全是關於愛。 |
| walk...to school | 陪……走路上學 | He walked me to school.他陪我走路上學。 |
| How about you? | 那你呢? | I jogged after lunch. How about you?我午餐後去慢跑。那你呢? |
am / is 的過去式是 was,are 的過去式是 were。否定直接在後面加 not:wasn’t=was not、weren’t=were not。
| 現在式 | 過去式 | 主詞 |
|---|---|---|
| am / is | was | I, he, she, it, Tom, the dining room… |
| are | were | you, we, they, my parents, Cindy and Wendy… |
把 was / were 移到句首就變成問句;回答用同一個 be 動詞,否定簡答通常用縮寫。
| 規則 | 例字(本課) |
|---|---|
| ① 直接加 -ed | help→helped, watch→watched, cook→cooked, play→played, enjoy→enjoyed |
| ② e 結尾加 -d | share→shared, dance→danced, invite→invited, place→placed |
| ③ 重複字尾加 -ed | jog→jogged, plan→planned, chat→chatted, stop→stopped |
| ④ 去 y 加 -ied | study→studied, carry→carried, cry→cried |
判斷依據是原形動詞最後一個「音」,不是最後一個字母(dance 字尾是 e,但唸 [s] → danced 唸 [t])。
| [ d ] | [ t ] | [ ɪd ] |
|---|---|---|
| cleaned, enjoyed, played | cooked, washed, walked | visited, needed, wanted |
| studied, jogged, shared | watched, helped, danced | planted, invited, painted |
一般動詞的過去式,否定與問句都要請助動詞 did 幫忙;did / didn’t 已經表示過去,後面的動詞一律用原形。
| 過去時間副詞 | 重點 |
|---|---|
| yesterday (morning / afternoon) | ✗ last yesterday |
| last + night / week / year / Sunday | 前面不加 in / on / at |
| 時間長度 + ago(two days ago, a few years ago) | ago 不能單獨使用 |
| then=at that time | 「當時」,常配 was / were |
| this morning(已經過去的早上) | 說話時已是下午 → 用過去式 |