👆 點擊每個句型標題,展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 學測重點」。
句型一|與過去事實相反的假設(倒裝 Had + S + p.p.)▼
If S had p.p., S would/might have p.p.
→ 省略 If 倒裝:Had + S + p.p., S would/might have p.p.
與過去事實相反的假設;省略 If 時,把 had 提到主詞前形成倒裝。
Had Dr. King
not made the speech, the US
might not have introduced those laws.
若金恩沒發表演說,美國或許不會推出那些法律。(課文)
✗ Had Dr. King didn't make...(倒裝後不再用 did);否定用 Had + S + not + p.p.。
同類倒裝:Were I you...(與現在相反);Should you need...(未來)。學測高頻。
句型二|介系詞+關係代名詞(含 whose / for which to V)▼
先行詞 + 介系詞 + which / whom / whose + N ...
關代作介系詞受詞時,介系詞可移到關代前(正式)。
a great American,
in whose symbolic shadow we stand
一位偉大的美國人,我們正站在他象徵性的身影下(課文)
he has nothing
for which to vote
他沒有可為之投票的對象(課文)
✗ in that / for that(介系詞後不可接 that)。
whose = 所有格關代(接名詞);學測常考關代格位。
句型三|not A but B(不是 A 而是 B)▼
not + A but + B(A、B 對等;動詞與最近的主詞一致)
表「不是 A,而是 B」,A、B 詞性/結構須對等。
…judged
not by the color of their skin
but by the content of their character.
…不以膚色、而以品格內涵來評斷。(課文金句)
✗ not by A and by B;A、B 結構須平行(by + N / by + N)。
延伸 not only A but also B;學測常考平行與對等。
句型四|as long as(只要,條件副詞子句)▼
S + V ..., as long as + S + V ...(只要…就…)
as long as 表「條件」=只要;亦可表「長達」(時間)。
We can never be satisfied
as long as injustice exists.
只要不義存在,我們就絕不滿足。(課文)
條件子句表未來時用現在式(exists,非 will exist)。
同義 so long as / provided that;學測常考條件連接詞。
句型五|修辭:句首重複與排比(Anaphora & Parallelism)▼
重複相同句首 + 對等結構,堆疊情感與節奏
本篇最著名的修辭:以相同句首反覆開頭(anaphora),營造氣勢。
One hundred years later, ... /
I have a dream that ... /
With this faith, ...
「一百年後…」「我有一個夢…」「懷著這份信念…」層層排比。(課文)
寫作可善用排比與句首重複增強說服力,但需保持結構對等。
學測寫作評分重視「連貫與修辭」;適度排比能加分。