📚 回英文選單 🏠 回主選單

L5: Venice ── 逐漸下沉的水都

龍騰版高中英文 第五冊 第五課｜互動教學講義（高三適用）
⏱️ 建議授課時數：2 小時（120 分鐘）｜依學測 107–115 年命題趨勢設計
📖 課文逐句精講 📝 核心字彙 × 15 ➕ 補充字彙 × 8 🔗 片語 × 6 🗣️ 俚語 × 6 📐 句型 × 5 ✏️ 學生練習 × 10 🎓 老師精講 × 10 ✍️ 文法手寫練習 × 30 🔀 句子重組 × 10 🎮 單字配對遊戲
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課文速覽（三大重點）

🌊 千年水都的危機

威尼斯建於海上逾千年，以運河、潟湖、古橋聞名。但如今海水上升、淹水（acqua alta）愈發頻繁，正面臨沉沒的威脅。

🏗️ 為何下沉？自然＋人為

自然因素：高水位（潮汐＋強風）與地層下陷（軟泥地基＋板塊移動）。人為因素：1930s 抽地下水加速下陷、燃燒化石燃料致氣候變遷。百年已下沉約 25 公分。

🌍 人類的試金石

淹水暴增（百年前每年不到 10 次→現逾 60 次），1966、2019 屢破紀錄。科學家警告：若不改變，22 世紀恐消失。拯救威尼斯需全球共同對抗氣候變遷。
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課文逐句精講（Reading + 翻譯）
👆 點擊任何一句英文，即可展開「中文翻譯 + 句構分析（主詞／動詞／受詞／補語）+ 重點解析」。點右側 🔊 可聽整句朗讀。
🔍 句構顏色對照： 主詞 S　動詞 V　受詞 O　補語 C　修飾語

本課為說明文，論述威尼斯下沉的自然與人為成因、淹水的衝擊，以及它作為「人類對抗氣候變遷試金石」的意義。依段落分為五部分。

🌊 一｜千年水都與其威脅
▶Built on the sea more than a thousand years ago, Venice has long been admired for its magnificence.
建於海上逾千年的威尼斯，長久以來因其宏偉壯麗而備受讚賞。
🔍 句構分析 ①Built on the sea more than a thousand years ago過去分詞片語（句首，被動） VeniceS has long been admired forV（現在完成被動） its magnificenceby 受詞
Built on... 過去分詞片語（＝Being built，見句型一）；be admired for = 因…受讚賞。
▶Once a prominent center of commerce, the city is famous for its tranquil lagoons, ancient bridges, and a vast network of canals.
威尼斯曾是重要的商業中心，如今以寧靜的潟湖、古老的橋樑，以及龐大的運河網絡聞名。
🔍 句構分析 ①Once a prominent center of commerce同位語片語（句首） the cityS is famous forV its tranquil lagoons, ancient bridges, and a vast network of canalsO（三者並列）
prominent（顯著的）、commerce（商業）、tranquil（寧靜的）、vast（龐大的）皆為核心字；be famous for = 以…聞名。
▶However, Venice today is facing a serious threat: the water levels around the city are literally rising, and flooding has become an increasingly common occurrence.
然而，今日的威尼斯正面臨嚴重威脅：城市周圍的水位確實在上升，淹水已成為愈來愈常見的現象。
🔍 句構分析 ①VeniceS is facingV a serious threatO
②the water levelsS are risingV；floodingS has becomeV a common occurrenceC
literally（確實地、照字面地）為核心字；increasingly = 愈來愈；occurrence = 發生（的事）。
▶This flooding can be attributed to two natural factors.
這種淹水可歸因於兩個自然因素。
🔍 句構分析 ①This floodingS can be attributed toV（被動＋介系詞） two natural factorsO
attribute A to B = 把 A 歸因於 B（被動 A be attributed to B，見句型二）。
🌀 二｜兩大自然因素
▶The first is what the locals call "acqua alta," or "high water," which occurs when winter tides, strong winds, and waves combine to push sea water into the city.
第一個是當地人所稱的「acqua alta」（高水位），也就是冬季潮汐、強風與海浪合力把海水推進城市時所發生的現象。
🔍 句構分析 ①The firstS isV what the locals call "acqua alta"C（名詞子句） , which occurs when...非限定關係子句
tide（潮汐）為補充字；what 名詞子句作補語；combine to V = 合力做…。
▶The second factor is natural subsidence—the gradual sinking of land—which occurs because Venice was built on a foundation of weak, soft marshland that cannot fully support the weight of the city.
第二個因素是自然地層下陷——也就是土地的逐漸下沉——這是因為威尼斯建在脆弱、鬆軟、無法完全支撐城市重量的沼澤地基上。
🔍 句構分析 ①The second factorS isV natural subsidenceC —the gradual sinking of land—同位語 which occurs because...非限定關係子句＋原因
subsidence = 地層下陷；破折號補充定義；marshland (that...) 關係子句修飾。
▶This subsidence is also caused by a shift in the Apennine Plate, on which Venice sits.
這種下陷也是由亞平寧板塊的移動所造成，而威尼斯正坐落在該板塊之上。
🔍 句構分析 ①This subsidenceS is caused byV（被動） a shift in the Apennine Plateby 受詞 , on which Venice sits介系詞＋關代（非限定）
shift（移動、轉變）為補充字；on which = 介系詞＋關係代名詞（＝Venice sits on it，見句型三）。
🏭 三｜人為因素與氣候變遷
▶In addition to these natural factors, there is also a human factor contributing to the problem.
除了這些自然因素之外，還有一個人為因素也促成了這個問題。
🔍 句構分析 ①In addition to these natural factors介系詞片語 there引導詞 isV a human factor [contributing to the problem]S（含現在分詞修飾）
in addition to + N = 除了…之外（還有）；contribute to = 促成、導致；contributing... 現在分詞修飾 factor。
▶In the 1930s, large amounts of groundwater were pumped out from beneath the city for industrial use, which accelerated the rate of subsidence.
在 1930 年代，大量地下水為了工業用途而被從城市底下抽出，這加速了地層下陷的速度。
🔍 句構分析 ①large amounts of groundwaterS were pumped outV（被動） for industrial use副詞 , which accelerated the rate of subsidence非限定關係子句
accelerate（加速）為核心字；which 代前面整件事；pump out = 抽出。
▶Although this practice was banned in the 1970s, the damage had already been done, and Venice has sunk by about 25 centimeters over the past century.
儘管這種做法在 1970 年代被禁止，傷害卻已然造成，威尼斯在過去一世紀已下沉了約 25 公分。
🔍 句構分析 ①Although this practice was banned in the 1970s讓步子句（被動） the damageS had already been doneV（過去完成被動）
②VeniceS has sunkV by about 25 centimeters副詞
過去完成被動：had been done（見句型五）；ban = 禁止；sink-sank-sunk。
▶Climate change is another major contributor. The burning of fossil fuels has released excessive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise.
氣候變遷是另一個主要肇因。燃燒化石燃料已將過量的二氧化碳排放到大氣中，導致全球氣溫上升。
🔍 句構分析 ①The burning of fossil fuelsS has releasedV excessive amounts of carbon dioxideO , causing global temperatures to rise分詞構句（結果）
fuel（燃料）、excessive（過量的）為核心字；cause + O + to V = 導致…（見句型四）。
▶As a result, polar ice caps are melting, and sea levels are rising overall.
結果，極地冰帽正在融化，海平面整體上升。
🔍 句構分析 ①polar ice capsS are meltingV；sea levelsS are risingV overall副詞
melt（融化）、polar（極地的）、overall（整體地）為核心/補充字。
▶Scientists confirm that sea levels could rise by as much as 53 centimeters by the year 2100.
科學家證實，到 2100 年海平面可能上升多達 53 公分。
🔍 句構分析 ①ScientistsS confirmV that sea levels could rise by as much as 53 centimeters...O（名詞子句）
confirm（證實）為核心字；as much as + 數量 = 多達；by the year 2100 = 到 2100 年（截止）。
▶Combined, these factors have caused the incidence of flooding to increase dramatically: a century ago, Venice experienced fewer than 10 floods a year, but now it experiences more than 60.
這些因素合在一起，使淹水的發生次數急劇增加：一世紀前，威尼斯每年淹水不到 10 次，如今每年超過 60 次。
🔍 句構分析 ①Combined過去分詞（句首） these factorsS have causedV the incidence of floodingO to increase dramaticallyOC（不定詞）
incidence（發生率）為補充字；Combined 過去分詞片語（見句型一）；cause + O + to V；fewer than / more than 對比。
🌊 四｜破紀錄的淹水衝擊
▶A flood that swept through the city in November 1966 reached a record height of 194 centimeters and submerged Venice for 22 hours.
1966 年 11 月席捲全城的一場洪水，達到 194 公分的破紀錄高度，使威尼斯淹沒長達 22 小時。
🔍 句構分析 ①A flood [that swept through the city in November 1966]S（含關係子句） reachedV a record height of 194 centimetersO and submergedV VeniceO
sweep（席捲）為補充字（swept 過去式）；submerge = 淹沒；a record height = 破紀錄的高度。
▶In 2019, a flood reached 187 centimeters—the first of five extraordinary floods of over 140 centimeters that year alone.
2019 年，一場洪水達到 187 公分——這只是那一年就發生的五場逾 140 公分的驚人洪水中的第一場。
🔍 句構分析 ①a floodS reachedV 187 centimetersO —the first of five extraordinary floods...同位語
extraordinary（驚人的）為核心字；破折號引出同位補述；that year alone = 光是那一年。
▶Some scientists predict that, if nothing changes, Venice may cease to exist by the 22nd century.
有些科學家預測，如果一切都不改變，威尼斯可能在 22 世紀之前不復存在。
🔍 句構分析 ①Some scientistsS predictV that, if nothing changes, Venice may cease to exist...O（含條件子句）
cease（停止）為核心字；cease to V = 不再…；if nothing changes 條件子句。
▶The outlook is grim, largely because of the human factors driving sea level rise.
前景嚴峻，主要是因為推動海平面上升的種種人為因素。
🔍 句構分析 ①The outlookS isV grimC largely because of the human factors [driving sea level rise]原因（含分詞修飾）
outlook（前景）、grim（嚴峻的）為核心字；because of + N（後接名詞）；driving... 現在分詞修飾 factors。
🌍 五｜人類的試金石
▶Venice has therefore become a test case for humanity, showing what can happen when nations fail to curb the effects of climate change through joint efforts.
因此威尼斯成了人類的試金石，顯示當各國未能透過共同努力抑制氣候變遷的影響時，會發生什麼後果。
🔍 句構分析 ①VeniceS has becomeV a test case for humanityC , showing what can happen when...分詞構句
curb（抑制）、joint（共同的）為核心字；fail to V = 未能…；showing... 分詞構句。
▶Saving Venice cannot be achieved by one country acting alone.
拯救威尼斯無法靠單一國家獨力達成。
🔍 句構分析 ①Saving VeniceS（動名詞） cannot be achievedV（被動） by one country acting alone副詞
動名詞作主詞（Saving Venice…）；be achieved by（被動）；acting alone = 獨自行動的。
▶Instead, they require all humans to acknowledge what is happening and to work toward the common goal of preserving our beloved Earth for future generations.
相反地，這需要全人類承認正在發生的事，並朝著為後代子孫守護我們摯愛地球的共同目標努力。
🔍 句構分析 ①theyS requireV all humansO to acknowledge... and to work toward...OC（不定詞並列）
acknowledge（承認）、generation（世代）為核心字；require sb. to V = 要求某人…；work toward = 朝…努力。
📝
核心字彙（課文 15 字）
👆 點擊每個單字卡，展開「字族 + 例句 + 學測連結」。點單字旁 🔊 可聽發音。
prominentadj.
顯著的；卓越的
▶
prominence (n.) 顯赫≈ notable / eminent
Venice was once a prominent center of commerce.威尼斯曾是重要的商業中心。
commercen.
商業；貿易
▶
commercial (adj.) 商業的e-commerce 電子商務
The city was a center of commerce.這座城市曾是商業中心。
tranquiladj.
寧靜的；平靜的
▶
tranquility (n.) 寧靜≈ calm / peaceful
Venice is famous for its tranquil lagoons.威尼斯以寧靜的潟湖聞名。
vastadj.
廣大的；巨大的
▶
vastly (adv.) 極大地≈ enormous / immense
…a vast network of canals.…龐大的運河網絡。
literallyadv.
確實地；照字面地
▶
literal (adj.) 字面的反義 figuratively 比喻地
The water levels are literally rising.水位確實正在上升。
📊 literal ↔ figurative 對比
acceleratev.
加速
▶
acceleration (n.) 加速反義 decelerate 減速
Pumping groundwater accelerated the subsidence.抽取地下水加速了地層下陷。
excessiveadj.
過度的；過量的
▶
excess (n.) 過量exceed (v.) 超過
Fossil fuels release excessive carbon dioxide.化石燃料排放過量的二氧化碳。
confirmv.
證實；確認
▶
confirmation (n.) 確認≈ verify
Scientists confirm that sea levels could rise.科學家證實海平面可能上升。
extraordinaryadj.
非凡的；驚人的
▶
extra- + ordinary（超乎尋常）反義 ordinary 普通的
2019 saw five extraordinary floods.2019 年發生了五場驚人的洪水。
📊 學測高階形容詞
ceasev.
停止；終止
▶
cease to V / cease V-ingceaseless (adj.) 不停的
Venice may cease to exist by the 22nd century.威尼斯可能在 22 世紀前不復存在。
outlookn.
展望；前景
▶
≈ prospectoutlook on life 人生觀
The outlook is grim.前景嚴峻。
grimadj.
嚴峻的；令人擔憂的
▶
grimly (adv.) 嚴酷地≈ bleak / harsh
The grim outlook worries scientists.嚴峻的前景令科學家憂心。
jointadj.
聯合的；共同的
▶
jointly (adv.) 共同地joint effort 共同努力
Nations must curb climate change through joint efforts.各國須透過共同努力抑制氣候變遷。
curbv. / n.
抑制；約束
▶
≈ restrain / controlcurb emissions 抑制排放
…when nations fail to curb the effects of climate change.…當各國未能抑制氣候變遷的影響時。
acknowledgev.
承認；認可
▶
acknowledgement (n.) 承認；致謝≈ admit / recognize
Humans must acknowledge what is happening.人類必須承認正在發生的事。
🔗 課文片語動詞
片語中文例句（含翻譯）
be attributed to被歸因於The flooding can be attributed to two natural factors.淹水可歸因於兩個自然因素。
in addition to除…之外（還有）In addition to natural factors, there is a human factor.除了自然因素，還有人為因素。
contribute to促成；導致A human factor is contributing to the problem.一個人為因素正促成這個問題。
result in導致；造成Rising temperatures result in melting ice caps.氣溫上升導致冰帽融化。
owing to由於；因為Sea levels are rising owing to climate change.海平面因氣候變遷而上升。
work toward朝…努力We must work toward the goal of preserving Earth.我們須朝守護地球的目標努力。
➕
學測補充字彙（107–115 命題關鍵字）
👆 點擊單字卡展開。這些字皆與課文主題（環境、氣候、地理）相關，且為學測常見字。
tiden.
潮汐
▶
high / low tide 漲/退潮tidal (adj.) 潮汐的
Winter tides and strong winds push sea water inland.冬季潮汐與強風把海水推向內陸。
shiftn. / v.
轉變；移動
▶
a shift in 在…上的轉變≈ change / move
A shift in the plate caused subsidence.板塊的移動造成了下陷。
sweepv.
橫掃；席捲
▶
三態：sweep-swept-sweptsweep through 席捲而過
A flood swept through the city in 1966.1966 年一場洪水席捲全城。
surgen. / v.
激增；湧現
▶
a surge in demand 需求激增≈ soar / spike
A surge in sea levels threatens the city.海平面激增威脅著這座城市。
📊 學測圖表題常見「激增」
sustainv.
維持；承受
▶
sustainable (adj.) 永續的sustainability (n.) 永續性
Weak marshland cannot sustain the city's weight.鬆軟的沼澤地承受不了城市的重量。
📊 sustainable 為環保主題高頻
contendv.
應付；主張；競爭
▶
contend with 應付contender (n.) 競爭者
Venice must contend with rising sea levels.威尼斯必須應付上升的海平面。
overalladj. / adv.
整體的；全面地
▶
≈ in generaloverall trend 整體趨勢
Sea levels are rising overall.海平面整體上升。
generationn.
世代；一代人
▶
generate (v.) 產生future generations 後代子孫
…preserving Earth for future generations.…為後代子孫守護地球。
🗣️
常用俚語補充（提升口語語感）
👆 點擊每個俚語展開「意思 + 生活例句」。這些俚語都與課文主題（水、危機、時間）相關，能讓口語更道地。
keep one's head above water
勉強維持、不被淹沒（度過難關）
▶
在財務或困境中勉力支撐、不致滅頂。
Venice is struggling to keep its head above water.威尼斯正努力不被海水淹沒。
a drop in the ocean
滄海一粟；微不足道
▶
相對於龐大需求，微小到起不了作用。
One country's effort is just a drop in the ocean.單一國家的努力只是滄海一粟。
the calm before the storm
暴風雨前的寧靜
▶
大事發生前短暫的平靜。
The quiet lagoon felt like the calm before the storm.寧靜的潟湖宛如暴風雨前的平靜。
the tip of the iceberg
冰山一角
▶
表面所見只是問題的一小部分。
Venice is just the tip of the iceberg of climate change.威尼斯只是氣候變遷的冰山一角。
test the waters
試水溫；先行試探
▶
正式投入前先小規模試探情況或反應。
Let us test the waters before launching the plan.正式推行前先試試水溫。
weather the storm
度過難關；挺過風暴
▶
熬過困難或危機的時期。
The city hopes to weather the storm of rising seas.這座城市盼能挺過海平面上升的難關。
📐
核心句型文法解析
👆 點擊每個句型標題，展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 學測重點」。
句型一｜句首分詞片語（過去分詞／同位語）▼
p.p. / N-片語 + ..., S + V ...（分詞的邏輯主詞＝主句主詞）

句首用過去分詞（被動）或同位語片語修飾主詞，使句子精簡。

Built on the sea more than a thousand years ago, Venice has long been admired.
建於海上逾千年的威尼斯備受讚賞。（課文）
Combined, these factors have caused flooding to increase.
這些因素合起來使淹水增加。（課文）
✗ 懸垂分詞：分詞邏輯主詞須與主句主詞一致。
主動用 V-ing、被動用 p.p.；學測綜合測驗常考。
句型二｜被動語態＋介系詞（be attributed / caused to / by）▼
A be attributed to B（A 歸因於 B） A be caused by B（A 由 B 造成）

這類被動片語各有固定介系詞，勿混用。

The flooding can be attributed to two natural factors.
淹水可歸因於兩個自然因素。（課文）
Subsidence is caused by a shift in the plate.
下陷是由板塊移動造成。（課文）
✗ attributed by / caused to（介系詞用錯）。
attribute A to B｜cause 的被動用 by；學測常考介系詞搭配。
句型三｜介系詞＋關係代名詞▼
先行詞 + 介系詞 + which/whom + S + V ...

關係子句中若關代作介系詞受詞，可將介系詞移到關代前（較正式）。

the Apennine Plate, on which Venice sits
亞平寧板塊，威尼斯坐落其上（＝Venice sits on it，課文）
✗ on that（介系詞後不可接 that）；✗ on which Venice sits on（介系詞重複）。
口語常寫成 the plate (that) Venice sits on；學測偏考正式的「介系詞+which」。
句型四｜cause / require + O + to V▼
cause / require / enable / allow + O + to V（受詞補語用不定詞）

這類動詞後接「受詞＋不定詞」；勿漏 to。

…causing global temperatures to rise.
…導致全球氣溫上升。（課文）
They require all humans to acknowledge what is happening.
這需要全人類承認正在發生的事。（課文）
✗ cause temperatures rise（漏 to）；注意與使役 make/let + 原形不同。
make/have/let sb. V（原形）↔ cause/require/enable sb. to V；學測必考對比。
句型五｜過去完成（被動）had (been) p.p.▼
（在過去某時之前已完成）S + had + p.p. （被動）S + had been + p.p.

表「過去的過去」——比某過去時間點更早發生/完成的動作。

Although the practice was banned, the damage had already been done.
儘管做法被禁，傷害卻已造成。（課文，過去完成被動）
✗ 與單純過去混用：the damage was already done（無法凸顯「更早已完成」）。
Although/By the time + 過去式，主句常搭配 had (been) p.p.；學測高頻。
🎓
老師精講題（10 題・文法深度）
👆 點選項即時對錯，按「看完整解析」展開老師講解。適合課堂講授或回家複習。
✏️
學生自我測驗（10 題）
👆 直接點選選項：答對顯示 ✓（綠），答錯顯示 ✗（紅）並標出正解。再按「看完整解析」展開說明。
📄
歷屆月考真題（各校段考／期末考精選）
👆 以下皆為各校高三期末考（第三次月考，範圍：龍騰第五冊 L5 Venice: A Sinking City）真題。點選項即時對錯，按「看完整解析」看說明與出處。
✍️
文法填空練習（20 題）
👆 依中文提示，將括號中的字改為正確的文法形式，直接打在空格中；寫完按「看解答」對答案。也適合列印後手寫作答。
1
(build) on unstable marshland, Venice constantly battles subsidence.
建在不穩定的沼澤地上，威尼斯不斷對抗地層下陷。
✅ 正解：Built
2
(locate) between the sea and the lagoon, the old city is extremely vulnerable to flooding.
位於海與潟湖之間，這座古城極易遭受淹水侵害。
✅ 正解：Located
3
(surround) by canals on every side, the historic center relies on boats for transportation.
四面被運河環繞，這個歷史中心的交通仰賴船隻。
✅ 正解：Surrounded
4
(threaten) by rising sea levels, many coastal cities are searching for solutions like Venice's.
受到海平面上升威脅，許多沿海城市正在尋找像威尼斯這樣的解決方案。
✅ 正解：Threatened
5
This severe flooding can be (attribute) to two natural factors: acqua alta and subsidence.
這場嚴重的淹水可歸因於兩個自然因素：高水位與地層下陷。
✅ 正解：attributed
6
The rapid subsidence of Venice is largely (cause) by decades of groundwater pumping.
威尼斯快速的地層下陷主要是由數十年抽取地下水所造成。
✅ 正解：caused
7
Much of the damage to historic buildings can be (attribute) to salt water seeping into their foundations.
歷史建築的許多損害可歸因於鹽水滲入它們的地基。
✅ 正解：attributed
8
The dramatic rise in flooding is (cause) by both climate change and human activity.
淹水的劇烈增加是由氣候變遷與人類活動共同造成。
✅ 正解：caused
9
The lagoon, into (which/that) the tides push sea water each winter, connects Venice to the Adriatic Sea.
潮汐每年冬天將海水推入其中的潟湖，將威尼斯與亞得里亞海相連。
✅ 正解：which
10
The MOSE project, about (which/that) many experts remain skeptical, aims to hold back rising tides.
許多專家仍持懷疑態度的 MOSE 計畫，旨在阻擋上漲的潮水。
✅ 正解：which
11
The soft marshland, on (which/that) the entire city was built, cannot fully bear its weight.
整座城市建於其上的鬆軟沼澤地，無法完全承受城市的重量。
✅ 正解：which
12
The scientists, with (which/whom) city officials consulted, warned of accelerating sea level rise.
市政官員曾諮詢過的科學家們，警告了正在加速的海平面上升。
✅ 正解：whom
13
Excessive carbon dioxide has caused global temperatures (rise) rapidly in recent decades.
過量的二氧化碳已導致近幾十年來全球氣溫快速上升。
✅ 正解：to rise
14
Saving Venice requires all nations (work) together toward a common goal.
拯救威尼斯需要所有國家共同朝一個目標努力。
✅ 正解：to work
15
Decades of groundwater pumping caused the city (sink) even faster than expected.
數十年抽取地下水導致這座城市下沉得比預期更快。
✅ 正解：to sink
16
Rising sea levels require coastal cities (build) stronger flood defenses.
海平面上升需要沿海城市建造更強固的防洪設施。
✅ 正解：to build
17
Although the pumping was banned in the 1970s, the damage (do) by then.
儘管抽水已在 1970 年代被禁止，但傷害在那之前早已造成。
✅ 正解：had already been done
18
By the time scientists issued their warning, the sea level (rise) by nearly 20 centimeters.
到科學家提出警告時，海平面已經上升了將近 20 公分。
✅ 正解：had risen
19
Before the flood of 1966, the ancient bridges (never/submerge) so completely.
在 1966 年的洪水之前，那些古橋從未如此徹底地被淹沒過。
✅ 正解：had never been submerged
20
By the time the MOSE barriers were finally completed, the city (already/experience) dozens of severe floods.
到 MOSE 防洪閘門終於完工時，這座城市已經歷過數十次嚴重的淹水。
✅ 正解：had already experienced
🔄
句子改寫練習（10 題）
👆 依指示將兩句合併或改寫成一個正確的英文句子，寫在下方欄位中；寫完按「看參考答案」對答案。
21
Venice was built on the sea over a thousand years ago. + The city has long been admired for its beauty.
請合併成一句，用句首過去分詞（Built...）。
✅ Built on the sea over a thousand years ago, Venice has long been admired for its beauty.
22
These two problems combine. + They have caused Venice to sink faster than expected.
請合併成一句，用句首過去分詞（Combined...）。
✅ Combined, these two problems have caused Venice to sink faster than expected.
23
Two natural factors cause the flooding.
請改寫成被動語態，用 be attributed to。
✅ The flooding can be attributed to two natural factors.
24
A shift in the Apennine Plate causes the subsidence.
請改寫成被動語態，用 be caused by。
✅ The subsidence is caused by a shift in the Apennine Plate.
25
Venice sits on the Apennine Plate. + The plate has shifted over the centuries.
請用「介系詞＋which」合併成一句，插入修飾 the Apennine Plate 的補述子句。
✅ The Apennine Plate, on which Venice sits, has shifted over the centuries.
26
City officials consulted several scientists. + The scientists warned of rising sea levels.
請用「介系詞＋whom」合併成一句。
✅ The scientists, with whom city officials consulted, warned of rising sea levels.
27
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. + This makes global temperatures rise.
請用 cause + O + to V 改寫成一句。
✅ Burning fossil fuels causes global temperatures to rise.
28
Venice needs global cooperation. + Countries must work together to save it.
請用 require + O + to V 改寫成一句。
✅ Saving Venice requires countries to work together.
29
The practice was banned in the 1970s. + Before that, it had already damaged the city's foundations.
請用過去完成被動（had been + p.p.）改寫成一句，強調「傷害早已造成」。
✅ Although the practice was banned in the 1970s, the city's foundations had already been damaged.
30
Scientists issued their warning. + Before that, sea levels had already risen by nearly 20 centimeters.
請用過去完成式改寫成一句，用 By the time 開頭。
✅ By the time scientists issued their warning, sea levels had already risen by nearly 20 centimeters.
🔀
句子重組（10 題）
👆 依序點選下方詞組，把句子排回正確順序；點錯可再點一次移回。排好後按「檢查」看對錯，或按「看正解」直接顯示答案。
🎮
單字配對遊戲（核心字彙 15 字）
👆 先點左邊的英文單字，再點右邊對應的中文意思；配對正確會變綠色鎖定，配對錯誤會閃紅重來。全部配對完成即過關！
配對成功：0 / 15⏱ 00:00
龍騰高中英文 第五冊 第五課｜互動教學講義