👆 點擊每個句型標題，展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 學測重點」。
句型一｜被動語態與 be + p.p. 片語（was reached / is covered with）▼
S + be + p.p. (+ by/with/in ...) → 主詞是動作的承受者
課文大量使用被動語態描述「被抵達、被命名、被覆蓋」等；注意介系詞搭配。
Both Formosas
were unintentionally
reached by European explorers.
兩個 Formosa 都被歐洲探險家無意間抵達。（課文）
The mountains
are covered with forests; the globe
is covered in ocean.
山被森林覆蓋；地球被海洋覆蓋。（課文）
✗ were reached by（漏 by）／混用介系詞；covered with/in 皆可，avoid「covered by ocean」語感較弱。
學測常考「主動 vs 被動」與 be known as / for、be made up of 等固定被動片語。
句型二｜關係子句與「介系詞＋關代」（that / which / some of which）▼
先行詞 + (介系詞 +) which / that + ... ；some of which + V
關代引導子句修飾先行詞；「數量詞 + of which」可接續補充說明。
an interesting geographical fact
that connects these two locations
一個把兩地連結起來的地理事實（課文，限定用法）
majestic mountains,
some of which soar thousands of meters above sea level
雄偉的山脈，其中有些高聳於海平面數千公尺之上（課文）
✗ some of them soar（them 不能連接兩句）；補充說明須用 some of which。
非限定關係子句（前有逗號）補充說明，不可用 that；學測高頻。
句型三｜be known as / for、be famous for（以…著稱）▼
be known as + 身分／名稱；be known/famous for + 特點
as 接「身分、名稱」；for 接「原因、特點」，兩者意義不同。
"Formosa"
is known as an unofficial name for Taiwan.
Formosa 被稱為台灣的非官方名稱。（as＋名稱，課文）
Taiwan
is known for its lively economy and
is famous for its natural beauty.
台灣以活絡經濟聞名，也以自然美景著稱。（for＋特點，課文）
✗ be known for a name（名稱應用 as）；✗ be famous as its beauty（特點應用 for）。
學測常考 as/for 的區別；亦見 be known to（為…所知）。
句型四｜對比與比較（by contrast / while / 倍數表達）▼
By contrast, S + V ...；A is two/three times the + N + of B
本課以「對比」貫穿全文；倍數常用「倍數 + the size/number of」。
By contrast, Formosa is one of Argentina's least developed areas.
相較之下，Formosa 是阿根廷最不發達的地區之一。（課文）
Argentina's Formosa is
two times the size of Taiwan.
阿根廷的 Formosa 面積是台灣的兩倍。（課文）
✗ two times bigger than the size（size 與 times 只擇一）；倍數用 times the size of。
對比連接詞：by contrast / in contrast / whereas / while；學測寫作對比常用。
句型五｜名詞子句與複合關係詞（what / that / whatever）▼
what / that + 子句 作主詞或補語；whatever + N + V（無論…）
what＝the thing that，本身含先行詞；whatever 引導讓步子句表「無論什麼」。
What many people don't know
is that there is another Formosa.
許多人不知道的是，還有另一個 Formosa。（what 作主詞、that 作補語，課文）
Whatever differences or similarities exist between the pair, each has a beauty.
無論兩地有何異同，各自都有其美。（課文）
✗ What many people don't know is there is...（省略 that 於正式補語子句較不佳）；what 前不再加先行詞。
what vs that：what 含先行詞、that 不含；學測常考名詞子句連接詞。