👆 點擊每個句型標題,展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 學測重點」。
句型一|..., which + V(非限定關代 which 代整句)▼
主要子句, which + 動詞...(which 代前面整件事,前有逗號)
which 引導非限定子句時,可代替前面「整句話」,前面須有逗號,且不可用 that。
Believers lie on the ground,
which symbolizes their hope for good luck.
信徒躺在地上,這象徵他們對好運的期盼。(課文改寫)
The temple offers free meals,
which impresses every visitor.
廟方提供免費餐點,這讓每位訪客印象深刻。
✗ ...ground, that symbolizes...(非限定子句不可用 that)。
which 代整句時動詞用單數;學測常考「逗號+which」的判斷。
句型二|while + 對比子句(然而、相對地)▼
While + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.(while 表「相對/對比」)
while 除「當…時」外,也常表「相對、對比」,連接兩個對照的情況。
While some pilgrims walk the whole route, others join for only a day.
有些香客走完全程,另一些只參加一天。
While the streets were noisy, the temple inside stayed calm.
街上喧鬧,廟裡卻依舊寧靜。
✗ 用 during 代替 while 引導子句(during 是介系詞,不接子句)。
while 表對比 ≈ whereas;學測綜合測驗常考連接詞辨析。
句型三|否定副詞置句首 → 倒裝(Rarely can + ...)▼
Rarely / Seldom / Never + 助動詞 + S + 原形動詞...
否定或半否定副詞(rarely, seldom, never, hardly)置於句首時,主詞與助動詞須倒裝。
Rarely can such generosity be seen at other events.
這樣的慷慨在其他活動中難得一見。(課文改寫)
Seldom do tourists witness a scene so lively.
遊客很少能目睹如此熱鬧的場面。
✗ Rarely such generosity can be seen...(未倒裝)。
句首 Not until / Hardly...when 亦須倒裝;學測高頻。
句型四|not only A but also B(不僅…而且…)▼
not only + A but (also) + B(A、B 詞性/結構須對等)
連接兩個對等成分;also 可省略,but 不可省略。置句首時前段須倒裝。
It reflects
not only devotion
but also the warmth of the people.
它不僅反映虔誠,也反映人們的溫暖。(課文改寫)
Not only did locals offer food,
but they
also gave shelter.
當地人不僅提供食物,還提供住處。
✗ not only...and also...(連接詞用錯,須用 but also)。
句首 Not only 倒裝(Not only did he...)為學測常考。
句型五|have/has been + p.p.(現在完成被動)▼
S + have/has + been + 過去分詞(+ as ...)
表「到現在為止已被…」,兼具「完成」與「被動」兩種意義。
The pilgrimage
has been designated as a national folk custom.
這場遶境已被指定為國家民俗。(課文改寫)
The temple
has been visited by millions of pilgrims.
這座廟已有數百萬香客造訪。
✗ has designated as...(漏掉 been,變成主動,語意錯誤)。
designate / recognize / regard A as B 的被動:be designated as;學測常考。