👆 點擊每個句型標題，展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 學測重點」。
句型一｜..., many of whom + V（非限定關代，指人）▼
先行詞(人), + many/some/most/all + of + whom + V ...
用「數量詞 + of + whom」引導非限定子句，補充說明前面的「人」。
Thailand welcomes millions of tourists,
many of whom ride elephants.
泰國迎接數百萬遊客，其中許多人騎大象。
The trappers,
some of whom carry guns, hunt baby elephants.
那些捕獵者（其中有些帶著槍）獵捕幼象。
✗ ...millions of tourists, many of them ride...（用 them 造成兩句連寫 run-on）。
關代才能連接子句；指人用 whom，指物用 which。學測常考。
句型二｜due to + N（由於）▼
Due to + 名詞(片語), S + V.（= Because of + N）
due to 是介系詞片語，後面接「名詞」，不接句子。
Due to the high demand, wild elephants are captured.
由於需求龐大，野生大象被捕捉。
The animal suffers
due to years of overwork.
這隻動物因多年過勞而受苦。
✗ Due to the demand is high, ...（後接子句錯；due to 後只接名詞）。
due to / because of + N；because + 完整子句。學測綜合測驗常考。
句型三｜be forced to V / be forced into + N（被迫，被動）▼
S + be forced + to V
S + be forced into + N / V-ing
force sb. to V（主動）改被動即 be forced to V；接名詞用 into。
The elephants are
forced to carry tourists for hours.
大象被迫長時間載運遊客。
After being tamed, they are
forced into a life of slavery.
被馴服後，牠們被迫過著奴役般的生活。
✗ be forced doing / be forced carry（應為 to V 或 into + N/V-ing）。
同類被動：be made to V、be asked to V（使役動詞被動須補 to）。
句型四｜in order to + V（為了；表目的）▼
S + V ..., in order to + 原形V（= so as to V）
in order to 後接「原形動詞」表目的；否定為 in order not to V。
Trainers abuse the animals
in order to make them obedient.
訓練者虐待動物是為了讓牠們順從。
Visit a national park
in order to see elephants in the wild.
去國家公園，是為了看野外的大象。
✗ in order to making them...（in order to 後須接原形動詞）。
目的亦可用 in order that + S + can/could + V。學測常考改寫。
句型五｜..., both of which + V（非限定關代，指物、涵蓋兩者）▼
先行詞(兩件事物), + both of which + V ...（which 代物；whom 代人）
both of which 補充說明前面「兩件事物」，which 不可換成 that。
They suffer torture and abuse,
both of which cause extreme suffering.
牠們遭受折磨與虐待，兩者都造成極大的痛苦。
I saw two camps,
both of which mistreated their elephants.
我看到兩個營區，兩者都虐待牠們的大象。
✗ both of them cause...（用 them 造成連寫）；✗ both of whom（whom 只代人）。
先行詞是人用 whom、是物用 which；that 不可引導非限定子句。