👆 點擊每個句型標題,展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 學測重點」。
句型一|Have you ever + p.p. …?(你曾經…嗎?)▼
Have/Has + S + (ever) + 過去分詞 …?(現在完成式問「經驗」)
用現在完成式詢問「到目前為止是否有過某種經驗」,常與 ever 連用。
Have you ever imagined sharing a meal with a departed relative?
你曾經想像過和已故親人共餐嗎?(改寫自課文開頭)
Have you
ever seen a colorful sugar skull?
你曾看過色彩繽紛的糖骷髏嗎?
✗ Did you ever imagined...(動詞時態錯;現在完成須用 have + p.p.,且 imagined 不接在 Did 後)。
回答常用 Yes, I have. / No, never.;學測克漏字常考現在完成表經驗。
句型二|be thought/believed to (have) + V(被認為…)▼
S + is/are thought/believed + to V(同時)
S + is/are thought/believed + to have + p.p.(更早發生)
表「一般認為…」;若動作比主句更早,to 後用完成式 have + p.p.。
The tradition
is believed to have originated with the Aztecs.
這項傳統據信源自阿茲特克人。(改寫自課文)
The souls
are thought to return to earth on these days.
據信靈魂會在這幾天回到人間。(改寫自課文)
✗ is believed originated...(漏掉 to have,時態不清)。
= It is believed that the tradition originated...;學測常考兩種句式互換。
句型三|A rather than B(是 A 而非 B)▼
... A + rather than + B(A、B 詞性/結構須對等)
rather than 連接兩個對等成分,表「寧可是 A 而不是 B」。
Mexicans celebrate death with joy
rather than mourn it with sorrow.
墨西哥人以歡樂慶祝死亡,而非以悲傷哀悼。(改寫自課文)
They see death as a beginning
rather than an end.
他們把死亡看成開始,而非結束。
✗ celebrate death rather than mourning it(前為原形 celebrate,後宜對等用 mourn)。
rather than 置句首時,其後常接 Ving:Rather than mourning..., they celebrate...。
句型四|would rather + V (than V)(寧願…也不…)▼
S + would rather + 原形V (+ than + 原形V)
表達偏好;would rather 後接原形動詞,than 後亦接原形。
Mexicans
would rather embrace death
than ignore it.
墨西哥人寧願擁抱死亡,也不願忽視它。(改寫自課文)
I
would rather celebrate a life
than mourn a loss.
我寧願慶祝一段人生,也不願哀悼一場失去。
✗ would rather to embrace / would rather embracing(than 後與 rather 後皆用原形)。
would rather + S + 過去式 表「希望對方…」(假設);學測易與 prefer to V 混考。
句型五|Instead of + N/Ving(而不是…)▼
Instead of + N / Ving, S + V …(介系詞 of 後接名詞或動名詞)
instead of 為介系詞片語,後面須接名詞或動名詞(V-ing),不接原形。
Instead of dreading the ghosts, Mexicans look forward to their visit.
墨西哥人非但不害怕鬼魂,還期待它們來訪。
They light candles
instead of tears.
他們點起蠟燭,而不是流下眼淚。
✗ Instead of fear the spirits(of 後應接動名詞 fearing,不可用原形)。
instead(副詞,單獨用)≠ instead of(介系詞片語,後接受詞);學測常考兩者辨析。
句型六|keep + O + 補語(使…保持某狀態)▼
S + keep + O + adj. / Ving / p.p.(受詞補語)
keep 為不完全及物動詞,後接受詞與受詞補語,表「使受詞維持某狀態」。
Mexicans
keep the old custom
alive with great enthusiasm.
墨西哥人以極大的熱情讓古老的習俗延續不墜。(改寫自課文)
Bright candles
keep the graveyard
glowing all night long.
明亮的蠟燭讓墓園整夜閃著光。
✗ keep the custom alively(補語用形容詞 alive,非副詞)。
同類動詞 find / leave / make + O + OC;學測常考補語詞性(adj. vs adv.)。
句型七|It is said/believed that …(據說;一般認為…)▼
It + is said / believed / thought + that + 子句
(= S + is said / believed / thought + to V)
用虛主詞 It 引導,that 子句為真主詞;亦可改寫成「主詞 + be said to V」。
It is said that the spirits return to their old homes on these two days.
據說在這兩天裡,靈魂會回到舊家。(改寫自課文)
The spirits
are said to return to their old homes on these two days.
據說靈魂會回到舊家。(同義改寫)
✗ It is said the spirits return...(省略 that 雖可,但正式寫作宜保留;勿寫成 It says that...)。
兩種句式互換是學測改寫熱點:It is said that S+V ↔ S is said to V。
句型八|分詞構句(Ving / p.p. 開頭,表附帶或原因)▼
Ving / (Being) p.p. …, S + V …(分詞與主句共用主詞)
將副詞子句省略連接詞與主詞、動詞改為分詞;主動用 Ving,被動用 p.p.。
Getting ready for the visit, families head to the markets beforehand.
為了迎接到訪,家人會提前前往市集。(改寫自課文)
Handed down for centuries, the custom is still practiced today.
這項習俗流傳數百年,至今仍被實行。
✗ Get ready for the visit, families head...(句首須用分詞 Getting,非原形)。
分詞的邏輯主詞須與主句主詞一致,否則成「垂懸分詞」,學測常設此陷阱。