👆 點擊每個句型標題,展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 學測重點」。
句型一|not only A but also B(不僅…而且…)▼
not only + A but (also) + B(A、B 詞性/結構須對等)
連接兩個對等成分;also 可省略,but 不可省略。
Not only kind
but also generous, Prometheus gave humans fire.
普羅米修斯不僅仁慈而且慷慨,給了人類火。(課文)
He gave humans
not only the ability to stand upright
but also the gift of fire.
他不僅給人類直立的能力,也給了火。(課文)
✗ not only...and also...(連接詞用錯,須用 but also)。
句首倒裝:Not only did he give fire, but he also taught skills. 學測常考。
句型二|so that(目的)vs so...that(結果)▼
S + V + so that + S + can/could + V(表目的)
S + V + so + adj./adv. + that + S + V(表結果)
so that 引導「目的」;so...that 中間夾形容詞/副詞、引導「結果」。
He gave them fire
so that they could keep warm.
他給他們火,好讓他們取暖。(課文,目的)
Zeus was
so angry
that he took the fire away.
宙斯如此生氣,以至於收回了火。(結果)
✗ 混用:so that 後不夾形容詞;so...that 不表目的(後不接 can 表意圖)。
目的亦可用 in order that / in order to V;學測常考 so that vs so...that 辨析。
句型三|By the time + 過去式 → 主句用過去完成▼
By the time + S + 過去式, S + had + 過去分詞.
「等到…的時候,(更早)已經…」;先發生的動作用過去完成式。
By the time he got to humans, he
had run out of gifts.
等他輪到人類時,禮物早已發完。(課文)
By the time we arrived, the show
had already
started.
我們到時,表演已經開始了。
✗ By the time he got there, he ran out...(漏用過去完成,時序不清)。
對照未來:By the time(未來)主句用未來完成 will have + p.p.。
句型四|分詞構句/形容詞片語當狀語(句首修飾主詞)▼
V-ing / p.p. / Adj. + ..., S + V ...(主動用 V-ing,被動用 p.p.)
句首片語修飾緊接其後的主詞;邏輯主詞須與主句主詞一致。
Angry about being tricked, Zeus took fire away.
因被騙而生氣,宙斯奪走了火。(形容詞片語,課文)
Unable to make tools, they lived in caves.
由於無法製作工具,他們住在洞穴。(課文)
✗ 懸垂分詞:分詞的邏輯主詞若與主句主詞不一致即錯。
主動 V-ing、被動 p.p.;學測綜合測驗常考句首分詞構句。
句型五|關係子句:限定 vs 非限定(有無逗號)▼
先行詞 + who/which/that + ...(限定,無逗號)
先行詞, who/which, ...(非限定,有逗號、補充說明)
限定子句界定範圍;非限定子句補充說明,且 that 不可引導非限定子句。
the sacrifices
that humans should make to the gods
人類該獻給神的祭品(限定,課文)
Prometheus,
who gave humans fire,
which set the stage for civilization...
普羅米修斯——他給了人類火,而火為文明鋪路…(非限定,課文)
✗ 非限定子句用 that(Prometheus, that gave...)為錯。
which 可代替整個前句(...fire, which set the stage...);學測常考關代選填與逗號判斷。