👆 點擊每個句型標題，展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 段考重點」。
句型一｜What is this / that / it?（Grammar A）▼
What is this / that / it?
→ This / That / It is + a / an + 單數名詞.
what is → what's；that is → that's；但 this is 不可縮寫。a / an 看名詞（或緊接的形容詞）的第一個音。
| 問句 | 答句 |
|---|
| What is this? | This / It is a pen. |
| What is that? | That / It is a desk. |
| What is it? | It is an elephant. |
What is that? —
It is a desk.
那是什麼？——那是一張書桌。（課本練習）
What is it? — It is
an eraser.
它是什麼？——它是橡皮擦。
✗ This's a pen.（this is 不縮寫）✗ It is a elephant.（elephant 母音開頭 → an）✗ What is this? — Yes, it is.（Wh- 問句不用 Yes/No）
📊 What is it / What are they 問物品 7/19 校；冠詞 a / an 14/19 校。
句型二｜What are these / those / they?（Grammar B）▼
What are these / those / they?
→ These / Those / They are + 複數名詞.
| 單數 | 複數 |
|---|
| this | these |
| that | those |
| it | they |
| is | are |
| a / an + 名詞 | 名詞加 s（去掉 a / an） |
What are these? —
These / They are dogs.
這些是什麼？——是狗。（課本例句）
What are those? — They are
oxen.
那些是什麼？——是牛。
✗ These are dog.（要用複數）✗ They are an elephants.（複數不加 an）✗ What are these? — It is a dog.（these → they）
📊 these / those 10/19 校；單句改複數（This is an ox. → These are oxen.）常考。
句型三｜名詞複數：規則變化、字尾發音、不規則變化▼
一般 → 加 -s book → books
s, x, sh, ch 結尾 → 加 -es bus → buses、fox → foxes
子音＋y → 去 y 加 -ies family → families
f / fe → 去掉改 -ves wife → wives
| 字尾發音 | 例字 |
|---|
| /s/（無聲子音後） | cats、cups、desks |
| /z/（有聲音後） | chairs、pens、wives |
| /ɪz/（s, ʃ, tʃ, dʒ 後） | boxes、brushes、buses、oranges、watches |
| 不規則 | child → children、man → men、woman → women、mouse → mice、ox → oxen、person → people |
| 單複數同形 | fish → fish、sheep → sheep |
a fish → two
fish；a sheep → five
sheep單複數同形（課本 Vocabulary Skills）
the rat,
ox, tiger … → two
oxenox 的複數 oxen（課文）
✗ oxes ✗ sheeps ✗ mouses ✗ childs／childrens ✗ womans ✗ wifes ✗ monkies（母音＋y 直接加 s：monkeys）
📊 不規則複數 18/19 校（全卷第二高）；規則 -s/-es 10/19 校。
句型四｜單複數人稱代名詞與複數名詞所有格（More to Know）▼
單數 I / you / he / she / it → 複數 we / you / they
所有格 my / your / his / her / its → our / your / their
單數名詞所有格：the girl's desk
複數名詞（s 結尾）所有格：the girls' desks
| 單數主格 | 單數所有格 | 複數主格 | 複數所有格 |
|---|
| I | my | we | our |
| you | your | you | your |
| he / she / it | his / her / its | they | their |
That is the
girl's desk. Those are the
girls' desks.
那是那個女孩的書桌。那些是那些女孩們的書桌。（課本）
Asian elephants' lifespans are about 60 years.
亞洲象的壽命大約 60 年。（課文）
The
children's toys are in the box.
孩子們的玩具在箱子裡。（children 不是 s 結尾 → 加 's）
✗ the girls's desks ✗ the childrens' toys ✗ They ears are big.（要用所有格 Their）
📊 名詞所有格 's 16/19 校；boys' / children's 是常見陷阱。
句型五｜否定疑問句 Aren't they…? 與 It's / Its（📊 段考重點）▼
Aren't / Isn't + 主詞 + …?（不就是……嗎？）
→ 事實「是」：Yes, they are.
→ 事實「不是」：No, they aren't.
It's＝It is（它是）；Its＝它的＋名詞
否定疑問句不管問句有沒有 not，只看事實回答。
Aren't they the Chinese zodiac animal signs? —
No, they aren't.它們不就是十二生肖嗎？——不，不是。（課文：玩偶裡有大象）
It's an elephant.
Its ears are big.
牠是一頭大象。牠的耳朵很大。
✗ Aren't they rabbits? — Yes, they aren't.（Yes 後面一定是肯定）✗ It's ears are big.（「牠的」用 Its）
📊 否定疑問句 11/19 校；It's/Its 6/19 校。