👆 點擊每個句型標題，展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 段考重點」。
句型一｜現在完成式 since / for / How long（22 校全考）▼
S + have / has + p.p. + since + 過去時間點／過去式子句
S + have / has + p.p. + for + 一段時間
How long + have / has + S + p.p.? → For… / Since…
| since ＋ | for ＋ |
|---|
| June、2023、last summer | four months、two years |
| I was ten（過去式子句） | a long time、the past few weeks |
| two years ago | ✗ since two years |
She
has lost five kilograms
since she started exercising.
從她開始運動以來，她已經瘦了五公斤。（課本句；since＋過去式子句）
How long have you
been on a diet? —
Since I last saw the photo of us.
你節食多久了？——從我上次看到我們的合照之後。（課本句）
His grandpa died three years ago. ＝ His grandpa
has been dead for three years.
他爺爺過世三年了。
✗ since six months（一段時間用 for） ✗ He has died for three years.（瞬間動詞不能接一段時間：die → be dead、buy → have、begin → be on、go on a diet → be on a diet）
22 校、62 題考這組。解題口訣：since 後面找「點」，for 後面找「段」；遇到瞬間動詞＋一段時間，改成「狀態」。
句型二｜ever / never / already / yet ＋ 附加問句▼
Have you ever + p.p.? → Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. / No, never.
S + have / has + already + p.p.（肯定句）
S + haven’t / hasn’t + p.p. + yet.（否定） Have you + p.p. + yet?（疑問）
附加問句：He has…, hasn’t he? She has never…, has she?
Have you
ever tried exercising? — No, I
never have.
你試過運動嗎？——沒有，從來沒有。（課本句）
Have you had breakfast
yet? — Yes, I have
already had breakfast.
你吃過早餐了沒？——有，我已經吃過了。（課本句）
You
haven’t seen my sister for a long time,
have you?
你很久沒見到我姊姊了，對吧？（課本句；否定句 → 附加問句用肯定。She has never…, has she? 同理）
He
’s eaten lunch,
hasn’t he?
他吃過午餐了，不是嗎？（He’s＝He has，後面接 p.p.）
✗ I haven’t finished it already.（否定用 yet） ✗ Did you ever…? 在段考中多半要改 Have you ever…? ✗ She has never…, hasn’t she?
ever/never 14 校、already/yet 9 校、附加問句 10 校。看到 He’s / She’s 後面接 p.p.，一定是 has 的縮寫。
句型三｜have been to vs have gone to vs have been in▼
have / has been to + 地點 → 去過（人已經回來）
have / has gone to + 地點 → 已經去了（人現在不在這裡）
have / has been in + 地點 + for / since → 待在某地多久了
| 句子 | 意思 | 人在哪？ |
|---|
| Cody has been to Japan twice. | 去過日本兩次 | 回來了 |
| Cody has gone to Japan. | 去日本了 | 在日本或路上 |
| Cody has been in Japan for a week. | 在日本待一週了 | 在日本 |
Where’s Taco? — He
has gone to a summer school for pets in Rock City.
Taco 呢？——牠去 Rock City 的寵物夏令學校了。（課本 Taco & Tom；人不在 → gone）
I
have never been abroad.
我從沒出過國。（abroad 是副詞，不加 to）
✗ I have gone to Japan twice.（說話者人就在這裡，不可能「去了還沒回來」又兩次） ✗ have been to abroad
14 校考這組。看「次數」(twice, many times) 或 ever/never → been to；看「他不在、找不到人」→ gone to。
句型四｜時態判斷：過去式 vs 現在完成式（Review 1 頭號考點，20 校）▼
過去式：明確過去時間 → yesterday、last…、… ago、in 2020、When…?、已過世的人
現在完成式：過去延續到現在／經驗／已完成 → since、for the past…、so far、lately、ever、already、yet
| 過去式的線索 | 現在完成式的線索 |
|---|
| last month、two days ago | since June、for the past two years |
| When did you…? | How long have you…? |
| Grandpa worked…（已過世） | so far、lately、already、yet |
I
went on a diet
two months ago. ＝ I
have been on a diet
for two months.
我兩個月前開始節食。＝我已經節食兩個月了。
For the past twenty years, Ms. Lin
has taught at this school.
過去二十年來，林老師一直在這所學校教書。
A:
Have you
got my postcard? B: Yes. I
got it
last Friday.
A：你收到我的明信片了嗎？B：收到了，上週五收到的。（問句完成式，答句有明確時間 → 過去式）
✗ I have seen him yesterday.（有明確過去時間不可用完成式） ✗ When have you bought it?（When 問句用過去式） ✗ My grandpa has worked here for 30 years.（若他已過世，要用 worked）
翰林 Review 1 的頭號考點，但 20 校、30 題。步驟：① 先圈時間詞 ② 有明確過去時間 → 過去式 ③ 有 since / for the past / so far / lately → 完成式。
句型五｜as + adj./adv. + as possible ＆ talk sb. into + V-ing▼
as + adj. / adv. + as possible ＝ as … as + S + can
talk sb. into + V-ing（說服某人做）／talk sb. out of + V-ing（說服某人不做）
I really want to be
as slim as possible.
我真的想要越瘦越好。（課本 Ela 的話）
Ted practices
as hard as possible. ＝ Ted practices
as hard as he can.
Ted 盡全力練習。
How can I
talk them into letting me follow my dream?
我要怎麼說服他們讓我追夢？
✗ play as good as possible（修飾動詞用副詞 well） ✗ talk them into let me…（into 後接 V-ing）
talk sb. into 5 校考；和 Unit 2 的 trick sb. into + V-ing 同結構，常一起出。