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Unit 8｜Bullfighting: From Ancient Performance to Modern Fight ── 力量與尊重的勇氣之歌：鬥牛

English 4U 2026 年 7／8 月號（JUL/AUG 2026）Unit 8　世界觀景窗 ★★｜互動教學講義
⏱️ 建議授課時數：3 節（3 天課文，每天約 45 分鐘）｜課文與字彙例句全部逐字取自雜誌原文
📖 課文逐句精講 × 34 📝 核心字彙 × 18 ➕ 字彙小補帖 × 10 🔗 Pocket Phrase × 5 📐 Language in Focus × 3 ✏️ 學生練習 × 10 🎓 老師精講 × 8
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三天課文速覽

🟦 Day 1｜從克里特島說起

數千年前的克里特島，公牛被視為神聖的動物。人們用「跳牛（bull-leaping）」表達敬意：站在衝來的牛前面，趁牠低頭衝撞時抓住牛角，借牠的衝力翻過牛背——展現勇氣、技巧與對動物的尊重。

🟩 Day 2｜西班牙與鬥牛士

鬥牛傳到西班牙，起初只有貴族能騎馬持長矛鬥牛；1700 年代國王認為太危險而下令停止。平民接手，改成徒步、用紅布和劍，這些人叫 matadors，穿金銀線裝飾的「光之服」。其實牛是色盲，牠攻擊的是「會動的布」。

🟧 Day 3｜傳統與動物權的爭辯

支持者說鬥牛是歷史與藝術形式；反對者認為殘忍、在現代不可接受，有些地區已立法禁止。爭論激烈到撕裂整個國家。也有鬥牛士改採不用武器的和平版本——不傷害牛，又讓傳統存續。
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課文逐句精講（原文逐字＋翻譯）
👆 點擊任何一句英文，即可展開「中文翻譯 + 句構分析（主詞／動詞／受詞／補語）+ 重點解析」。點 🔊 只朗讀，不會展開解析。
🔍 句構顏色對照： 主詞 S　動詞 V　受詞 O　補語 C　修飾語
🟦 Day 1｜鬥牛場的畫面與克里特島的跳牛（p. 44）
▶Imagine a big bullring under the bright sun. The crowd is shouting and cheering.
想像在明亮的陽光下有一座大鬥牛場。群眾正在吶喊、歡呼。
🔍 句構分析 ①ImagineV（祈使句） a big bullring under the bright sunO
②The crowdS is shouting and cheeringV（現在進行式）
bright 在此指的是「明亮的」；而第 2 行的 bright 則是指「（顏色）鮮亮的，鮮明的」（4U Extras 1）；crowd 為集合名詞，視為一個整體時動詞用單數。
▶In the center, a man is standing in a gold suit. He is holding a bright red cloth and waving it slowly.
在場地中央，一名男子穿著金色服裝站著。他手持一塊鮮紅色的布，緩慢地揮動著。
🔍 句構分析 ①In the center地方副詞 a manS is standingV in a gold suit副詞（穿著）
②HeS is holdingV₁ a bright red clothO and wavingV₂ itO slowly副詞
suit 表示「（特殊用途的）服裝」，此處即為「鬥牛士服裝」（4U Extras 2）；in + 服裝 表示「穿著…」；全段用現在進行式營造臨場感。
▶A giant bull with sharp horns is running toward him. This is the world of bullfighting.
一頭有著尖角的巨大公牛正朝他衝過來。這就是鬥牛的世界。
🔍 句構分析 ①A giant bull with sharp hornsS is runningV toward him副詞
②ThisS isV the world of bullfightingC
bull（公牛）、horn（角）為核心字；bull 的家族字：bullring（鬥牛場）、bullfighting（鬥牛）、bullfighter（鬥牛士，第二天課文第 10 行）。
▶In order to understand this old tradition, we must look at its history.
為了了解這個古老的傳統，我們必須看看它的歷史。
🔍 句構分析 ①In order to understand this old tradition不定詞片語（表目的） weS must look atV its historyO
🎯 本課 Language in Focus ①：(in order) to + V 指「為了…」，可置於句首或句中；look at sth = 檢視…；審視…，本課 Pocket Phrase。
▶Thousands of years ago, on the island of Crete in the Mediterranean, bulls were treated with great respect.
數千年前，在地中海的克里特島上，公牛受到極大的尊敬。
🔍 句構分析 ①Thousands of years ago, on the island of Crete in the Mediterranean時間＋地方副詞 bullsS were treatedV（被動） with great respect副詞
Crete 指的是「克里特島」，該島位於地中海（the Mediterranean）北部，如今是希臘的第一大島（4U Extras 3）；great 在此意為「很大程度的」（4U Extras 4）；treat A with B = 以 B 的態度對待 A。
▶People there believed bulls were sacred animals. They showed respect through a practice that's called bull-leaping.
那裡的人相信公牛是神聖的動物。他們透過一種叫做「跳牛」的慣常做法來表達敬意。
🔍 句構分析 ①People thereS believedV (that) bulls were sacred animalsO（名詞子句）
②TheyS showedV respectO through a practice that's called bull-leaping副詞＋關係子句
practice 為名詞，意思是「慣常做法；慣例」（4U Extras 5）；sacred = 神聖的；leap（跳；跳躍）在文中為動名詞用法（leap-leaped/leapt-leaped/leapt）。
▶To perform this act, a person needed to stand in front of a charging bull.
為了執行這個動作，一個人必須站在一頭猛衝而來的公牛前面。
🔍 句構分析 ①To perform this act不定詞（表目的） a personS neededV to stand in front of a charging bullO（不定詞）
perform（執行）為核心字；act 表示「行動；行為」（4U Extras 6）；charging 為現在分詞當形容詞（牛主動猛衝），呼應 Unit 4 的分詞用法。
▶As the animal lowered its head to strike, the human grabbed its horns.
當那隻動物低下頭要衝撞時，那個人便抓住牠的角。
🔍 句構分析 ①As the animal lowered its head to strike時間副詞子句
②the humanS grabbedV its hornsO
lower（降下；放下）為核心字，是 low 的比較級同形動詞；strike 意思為「攻擊；衝撞」（4U Extras 7）；as 在此為「當……時」。
▶They then let the bull's momentum lift them into the air and flip them over its back.
接著他們讓公牛的衝力把自己抬到空中，並翻越過牠的背。
🔍 句構分析 ①TheyS letV（使役動詞） the bull's momentumO lift them into the air and flip them over its backOC（兩個原形動詞）
let + O + 原形 V（使役動詞，不加 to）；momentum = 衝力；flip = 翻轉。此句是全課句構最複雜的一句，適合當課堂拆解練習。
▶This was a display of courage, skill, and respect for the animal.
這是一種勇氣、技巧與對動物尊重的展現。
🔍 句構分析 ①ThisS wasV a display of courage, skill, and respect for the animalC
a display of + 抽象名詞＝……的展現；三個並列名詞 courage, skill, and respect 共用一個介系詞 of。
🟩 Day 2｜傳到西班牙與鬥牛士的誕生（p. 46）
▶Later, bullfighting spread to Spain and became very popular.
後來，鬥牛傳到西班牙，並變得非常受歡迎。
🔍 句構分析 ①Later時間 bullfightingS spreadV₁ to Spain副詞 and becameV₂（連綴動詞） very popularC
Spain 為歐洲國家「西班牙」（4U Extras 1）；spread 三態同形（spread-spread-spread）；become + 形容詞 為連綴動詞用法（Unit 7 重點）。
▶At first, only nobles could fight bulls, and they used long spears on horseback.
起初，只有貴族可以鬥牛，而且他們是在馬背上使用長矛。
🔍 句構分析 ①At first時間 only noblesS could fightV bullsO
②theyS usedV long spearsO on horseback副詞
horseback 指的是「馬背」（4U Extras 2），on horseback＝騎在馬上；noble = 貴族；spear = 矛。
▶However, in the 1700s, the king of Spain thought this was too dangerous for nobles and ordered them to stop.
然而，在 1700 年代，西班牙國王認為這對貴族來說太危險了，於是下令要他們停止。
🔍 句構分析 ①the king of SpainS thoughtV₁ (that) this was too dangerous for noblesO（名詞子句）
②and orderedV₂ themO to stopOC（不定詞）
order sb. to V = 命令某人做某事（受詞補語用不定詞，不可省 to）；too + adj. + for sb. = 對某人來說太……。
▶Instead, common people took over the tradition.
取而代之的是，平民百姓接手了這項傳統。
🔍 句構分析 ①Instead副詞（句首） common peopleS took overV（片語動詞） the traditionO
🎯 本課 Language in Focus ②：副詞 instead 可置於句首、句中或句尾，表「取而代之的是；反而」；take over sth = 接手…，本課 Pocket Phrase。
▶But they had to face the bull on foot instead of riding horses.
但是他們必須徒步面對公牛，而不是騎馬。
🔍 句構分析 ①theyS had to faceV the bullO on foot副詞 instead of riding horses介系詞片語
⚠️ instead of 為片語介系詞，後方接名詞或動名詞（riding），意思是「並非…；而不是…」——這正是與副詞 instead 的最大差別。on foot = 徒步。
▶These people invented a new style of bullfighting that used a red cloth and a sword.
這些人發明了一種使用紅布和劍的新鬥牛方式。
🔍 句構分析 ①These peopleS inventedV a new style of bullfightingO that used a red cloth and a sword關係子句
invent（發明；創造）與 sword（劍；刀，w 不發音 [sord]）皆為核心字。
▶The bullfighters in this new style are called matadors. Matadors usually wear a special outfit, the Suit of Lights.
這種新形式中的鬥牛士被稱為 matadors。鬥牛士通常會穿一套特別的服裝，叫做「光之服」。
🔍 句構分析 ①The bullfighters in this new styleS are calledV（被動） matadorsC
②MatadorsS wearV a special outfitO— the Suit of Lights 為同位語
be called + 名稱（被稱為）；outfit = 全套服裝；matador = 鬥牛士（西班牙文借字）。
▶It is a heavy, tight suit that is decorated with gold and silver thread.
它是一套用金線和銀線裝飾的厚重、緊身服裝。
🔍 句構分析 ①ItS isV a heavy, tight suitC that is decorated with gold and silver thread關係子句（被動）
tight（緊身的；緊貼的）與 thread（線）皆為核心字；be decorated with = 以……裝飾（被動）。
▶It makes the bullfighter look bright in the sun.
它讓鬥牛士在陽光下看起來閃亮奪目。
🔍 句構分析 ①ItS makesV（使役動詞） the bullfighterO look bright in the sunOC（原形動詞）
make + O + 原形 V；此處 look 是連綴動詞後接形容詞 bright（Unit 7 Language in Focus）；bright 在此指的是「明亮的」（Day 1 4U Extras 1）。
▶As for the red cloth, many people think bulls hate the color red. In fact, bulls are color-blind.
至於那塊紅布，許多人認為公牛討厭紅色。事實上，公牛是色盲。
🔍 句構分析 ①As for the red cloth主題轉換語 many peopleS thinkV (that) bulls hate the color redO（名詞子句）
②In fact轉承語 bullsS areV color-blindC
as for sth/sb（至於…）與 in fact（事實上）皆為本課 Pocket Phrase；color-blind 意思是「色盲的」（4U Extras 3）。
▶They only charge because the matador moves the cloth.
牠們會衝過來，只是因為鬥牛士移動了那塊布。
🔍 句構分析 ①TheyS only chargeV
②because the matador moves the cloth原因副詞子句
charge（猛衝）為核心字，在 Day 1 是現在分詞 charging；only 放在動詞前，限定「唯一的原因」。
▶To the bull, the moving cloth seems like a threat, so it attacks.
對公牛來說，那塊移動的布看起來像是一種威脅，所以牠就攻擊。
🔍 句構分析 ①To the bull副詞 the moving clothS seemsV（連綴動詞） like a threatC
②so連接詞 itS attacksV
seem like + 名詞（連綴動詞＋like＋N，Unit 7 Language in Focus）；seem（看來；似乎）與 threat（威脅；危害）皆為核心字；moving 為現在分詞當形容詞。
🟧 Day 3｜傳統與動物權的爭辯（p. 48）
▶Today, many people are debating the future of bullfighting.
今天，許多人正在辯論鬥牛的未來。
🔍 句構分析 ①Today時間 many peopleS are debatingV（現在進行式） the future of bullfightingO
debate 在此為及物動詞，直接接受詞（✗ debate about the future 在正式用法中較不佳）；現在進行式表示「當前正在發生的社會現象」。
▶Those who support it say bullfighting is an important part of their history.
支持它的人說，鬥牛是他們歷史中重要的一部分。
🔍 句構分析 ①ThoseS who support it關係子句 sayV (that) bullfighting is an important part of their historyO（名詞子句）
Those who + V = ……的人們（複數，動詞用複數 support／say）；與下一段的 those who are against it 形成正反對照。
▶They believe it is an art form that shows the power and beauty of the animal.
他們相信它是一種展現這種動物力量與美感的藝術形式。
🔍 句構分析 ①TheyS believeV (that) it is an art formO（名詞子句） that shows the power and beauty of the animal關係子句
form（形式；種類）為核心字，art form = 藝術形式；一個句子裡同時有名詞子句與關係子句，可請學生標出兩個 that 的功能差異。
▶To them, bullfighting helps people remember the respect for bulls that began centuries ago.
對他們來說，鬥牛幫助人們記住幾世紀以前就開始的、對公牛的尊敬。
🔍 句構分析 ①To them副詞 bullfightingS helpsV peopleO remember the respect for bullsOC（原形動詞） that began centuries ago關係子句
help + O + (to) V；關係子句 that began centuries ago 修飾的是 the respect（那份敬意），不是 bulls——這是閱讀測驗常設的陷阱。
▶However, those who are against it believe the tradition is cruel.
然而，反對它的人認為這個傳統很殘忍。
🔍 句構分析 ①However轉折 thoseS who are against it關係子句 believeV (that) the tradition is cruelO（名詞子句）
be against sth = 反對……（against 為介系詞），反義為 support／be for sth；cruel = 殘忍的。
▶They argue that hurting animals for a show isn't acceptable in the modern world.
他們主張，為了表演而傷害動物在現代世界中是不可接受的。
🔍 句構分析 ①TheyS argueV that hurting animals for a show isn't acceptable in the modern worldO（名詞子句）— 子句主詞 hurting animals for a show 為動名詞片語，動詞用單數 isn't
acceptable（可以允許的；可以接受的）為核心字；argue that + 子句 = 主張……；動名詞片語當主詞用單數動詞（本刊 Unit 5、Unit 6 皆出現過）。
▶In some regions, governments have prohibited the practice to protect the animals.
在某些地區，政府已經禁止這項慣例以保護這些動物。
🔍 句構分析 ①In some regions地方副詞 governmentsS have prohibitedV（現在完成式） the practiceO to protect the animals不定詞（表目的）
region（區域；地區）為核心字；prohibit（尤指以法令）禁止；to protect＝ (in order) to protect（本課 Language in Focus ①）。
▶The debate between tradition and animal rights has become so intense that it has even divided people across the country.
傳統與動物權之間的爭論已經變得如此激烈，以至於它甚至讓全國的人們產生分歧。
🔍 句構分析 ①The debate between tradition and animal rightsS has becomeV so intenseC
②that it has even divided people across the country表結果的副詞子句
🎯 本課 Language in Focus ③：S + beV/V + so + adj./adv. + that + S + V ...（如此…以致於…）；intense = 激烈的；divide = 使分裂。
▶Some bullfighters are now trying a more peaceful version of bullfighting.
有些鬥牛士現在正在嘗試一種更和平的鬥牛版本。
🔍 句構分析 ①Some bullfightersS are now tryingV（現在進行式） a more peaceful version of bullfightingO
version = 版本（Unit 4 第一天課文也出現過）；more + 多音節形容詞構成比較級（peaceful → more peaceful）。
▶In this new style, the matador still uses a red cloth and moves with skill.
在這種新形式中，鬥牛士仍然使用紅布，並以技巧移動。
🔍 句構分析 ①In this new style副詞 the matadorS still usesV₁ a red clothO and movesV₂ with skill副詞
with + 抽象名詞＝副詞（with skill ＝ skillfully），是很好用的寫作變化，如 with care ＝ carefully。
▶The bull, though, is never touched by any weapon.
不過，公牛絕不會被任何武器碰到。
🔍 句構分析 ①The bullS , though,插入語（然而） is never touchedV（被動） by any weapon動作者
though 當副詞時可放句中或句尾，意思接近 however（前後加逗號）；weapon（武器）為核心字；否定句中用 any（✗ no weapon 與 never 併用會變雙重否定）。
▶This prevents any harm to the bull but still keeps the tradition alive.
這防止了對公牛的任何傷害，卻仍讓這個傳統繼續存在。
🔍 句構分析 ①ThisS preventsV₁ any harm to the bullO but連接詞 still keepsV₂ the traditionO aliveOC（形容詞）
prevent（防止；預防）與 harm to sth/sb（對…的傷害／危害）皆為核心字；keep sth alive = 使…繼續存在，本課 Pocket Phrase；keep + O + adj. 句型。
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4U Extras 課文註解（原書逐條）
Day 1（p. 44）
對應註解
第 1、2 行第 1 行和第二天第 12 行的形容詞 bright 指的是「明亮的」；而第 2 行的形容詞 bright 則是指「（顏色）鮮亮的，鮮明的」。
第 2 行名詞 suit 表示「（特殊用途的）服裝」，此處即為「鬥牛士服裝」。
第 5 行Crete [krit] 指的是「克里特島」，該島位於地中海（the Mediterranean [ˌmɛdətəˈreniən]）北部，如今是希臘的第一大島。
第 6 行形容詞 great 在此意為「很大程度的」。
第 7 行practice 為名詞，意思是「慣常做法；慣例」。
第 7 行名詞 act 表示「行動；行為」。
第 8 行動詞 strike 意思為「攻擊；衝撞」。
Day 2（p. 46）
對應註解
第 1 行Spain [spen] 為歐洲國家「西班牙」。
第 4 行名詞 horseback [ˈhɔrsˌbæk] 指的是「馬背」。
第 13~14 行複合形容詞 color-blind 意思是「色盲的」。
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核心字彙（三天共 18 字・例句取自原書）
👆 點擊每個單字卡展開「字族／用法 + 原書例句」。標示 ✱ 者為雜誌註明「近五年大考出現字彙」。
Day 1（p. 45）
bulln.
公牛
▶
[bʊl]bullring [ˈbʊlˌrɪŋ] n. 鬥牛場bullfighting [ˈbʊlˌfaɪtɪŋ] n. 鬥牛bullfighter [ˈbʊlˌfaɪtə] n. 鬥牛士（第二天課文第 10 行）
During the farm visit, Emma saw a big, strong bull eating grass in the field.農場參觀時，艾瑪看到一頭又大又強壯的公牛在田裡吃草。
hornn.
（牛、羊等動物的）角
▶
[hɔrn]亦可指樂器「號角」或車子「喇叭」
Some goats have two horns on top of their heads. They grow longer as the goat gets older.有些山羊頭頂上有兩隻角。隨著羊長大，角會變得更長。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
leapv.
跳；跳躍
▶
[lip]（文中為動名詞用法 bull-leaping）leap-leaped/leapt-leaped/leapt
Ben saw a frog leap from the rock into the pond with a big splash.班看到一隻青蛙從石頭上跳進池塘，濺起一大片水花。
performv.
執行
▶
[pəˈfɔrm]performance [pəˈfɔrməns] n. 表演（課文標題處）
Shirley tried to perform every task well during her first day at work.雪莉在上班第一天努力把每項任務都做好。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
chargev.
猛衝
▶
[tʃɑrdʒ]（文中為現在分詞當形容詞用 charging）另有「收費；充電」之意
The angry dog charged at the mailman and tried to attack him.那隻生氣的狗朝郵差衝過去，想要攻擊他。
lowerv.
降下；放下
▶
[ˈloə]low (adj.) 低的反義：raise 提高
The firefighter gently lowered the scared cat from the tall tree to safety.消防員輕輕地把受驚的貓從高樹上放下來，帶到安全的地方。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
Day 2（p. 47）
inventv.
發明；創造
▶
[ɪnˈvɛnt]invention (n.) 發明inventor (n.) 發明家
Before Alexander Graham Bell invented the phone, people had to contact each other by writing letters.在貝爾發明電話之前，人們必須靠寫信互相聯絡。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
swordn.
劍；刀
▶
[sord]⚠️ w 不發音
Long ago, soldiers used swords to protect themselves and attack their enemies.很久以前，士兵用劍來保護自己、攻擊敵人。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
tightadj.
緊身的；緊貼的
▶
[taɪt]tightly (adv.) 緊緊地反義：loose 寬鬆的
After I washed my pants, they became too tight and pressed uncomfortably around my waist.褲子洗過之後變得太緊，在我腰間壓得不舒服。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
threadn.
線
▶
[θrɛd]注意 th 發 [θ]
Linda used thread to fix a hole in her sock. Now, she can wear it again.琳達用線把襪子的破洞補好。現在她又可以穿它了。
seemv.
看來；似乎；好像
▶
[sim]連綴動詞：seem + adj.／seem like + N
I can't say for sure, but Edward seems more independent after he moved out to live by himself.我不敢肯定，但愛德華搬出去自己住之後好像變得更獨立了。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
threatn.
威脅；危害
▶
[θrɛt]threaten (v.) 威脅
The typhoon that is developing off the coast is a threat this small village can't ignore!在外海形成的颱風，是這個小村莊無法忽視的威脅！
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
Day 3（p. 49）
formn.
形式；種類
▶
[fɔrm]art form n. 藝術形式
Jogging is a popular form of exercise because it helps improve health.慢跑是一種很受歡迎的運動形式，因為它有助於改善健康。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
acceptableadj.
可以允許的；可以接受的
▶
[əkˈsɛptəbl̩]accept (v.) 接受反義：unacceptable
Wendy must talk to people in a more acceptable way if she wants them to listen to her.如果溫蒂希望別人聽她說話，她必須用比較能被接受的方式和人交談。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
regionn.
區域；地區
▶
[ˈridʒən]regional (adj.) 區域的
This region manages itself with a special government system and makes its own trade agreements with nearby countries.這個地區以特殊的政府體制自治，並與鄰近國家簽訂自己的貿易協定。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
weaponn.
武器
▶
[ˈwɛpən]ea 發 [ɛ]
Joyce felt scared when she saw someone swinging a sharp weapon near the school gate.當喬伊絲看到有人在校門口附近揮舞著鋒利的武器時，她感到很害怕。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
preventv.
防止；預防
▶
[prɪˈvɛnt]prevent sb. from V-ing 阻止某人做…
Drinking water regularly can help prevent headaches, especially on hot and sunny days.規律喝水有助於預防頭痛，尤其是在炎熱晴朗的日子。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
harmn.
傷害；危害
▶
[hɑrm]harm to sth/sb 對…的傷害／危害harmful (adj.) 有害的
The oil spill caused serious harm to the local fish and birds. Many of them died, and their feeding areas were destroyed.漏油對當地的魚類和鳥類造成嚴重危害。許多動物死亡，牠們的覓食區也被破壞了。
🧩 字彙小補帖（文章中畫底線之字詞・僅供參考）
單字詞性中文
sacred [ˈsekrɪd]adj.神聖的
momentum [moˈmɛntəm]n.衝力
flip [flɪp]v.翻轉
noble [ˈnobl̩]n.貴族
spear [spɪr]n.矛
matador [ˈmætəˌdɔr]n.鬥牛士
outfit [ˈaʊtˌfɪt]n.全套服裝
prohibit [proˈhɪbɪt]v.（尤指以法令）禁止
intense [ɪnˈtɛns]adj.激烈的
version [ˈvɝʒən]／[ˈvɝʃən]n.版本
🔗 Pocket Phrase（課文片語・例句取自原書）
片語中文例句（含翻譯）
look at sth檢視…；審視…We need to look at the prices carefully before we choose a new product supplier.在選擇新的產品供應商之前，我們必須仔細檢視價格。
take over sth接手…The new boss is going to take over the company next month.新老闆下個月要接手這間公司。
as for sth/sb至於…The garden looks lovely; as for the kitchen, it still needs cleaning.花園看起來很漂亮；至於廚房，還需要打掃。
in fact事實上I didn't like reading this book at all. In fact, I didn't even finish it.我一點也不喜歡讀這本書。事實上，我連讀完都沒有。
keep sth alive使…繼續存在Even after many years, the couple kept their love alive by spending time together every day.即使過了許多年，這對伴侶靠著每天相處讓愛延續下去。
📐
Language in Focus 句型文法解析（三天共 3 個重點）
👆 點擊每個句型標題，展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 大考重點」。例句均取自原書。
Day 1｜in order to 的用法▼
S + V₁ ... (+ in order) to + V₂ ... = (In order) to + V₂ ..., S + V₁ ... 否定：in order not to + V（in order 不可省略）

❶ (in order) to + V 指「為了…」，可置於句首或句中。

In order to understand this old tradition (bullfighting), we must look at its history.
（課文第 4 行）
(In order) to perform this act (bull-leaping), a person needed to stand in front of a charging bull.
（課文第 7~8 行）
As the animal lowered its head (in order) to strike, the human grabbed its horns.
（課文第 8~9 行）
In some regions, governments have prohibited the practice (bullfighting) (in order) to protect the animals.
（第三天課文第 6~7 行）
You need to get a good grade on this test (in order) to pass this class.
= (In order) to pass this class, you need to get a good grade on this test.
為了通過這門課，你這項考試要取得好成績。

❷ 若想表達否定，可以使用 in order not to + V，指「為了不要…；以免…」，請注意這裡的 in order 不可省略。

I walked softly across the room in order not to wake up the baby.
我悄悄穿越這間房間，以免吵醒小寶寶。
In order not to forget about his job interview, Jack set several alarms on his phone.
為了不要忘記工作面試，傑克在他的手機上設了好幾個鬧鐘。
✗ not to wake up the baby（單獨用 not to 表目的不夠清楚）→ 一定要寫 in order not to 或 so as not to。
大考常考「表目的」的三種寫法：to V／in order to V／so that + S + can V。三者可互換，但 so that 後面要接完整子句。
Day 2｜instead vs. instead of▼
instead（副詞）：可置於句首、句中或句尾 instead of（介系詞片語）：+ N／V-ing S + V ... + instead of + N/V-ing ... = S (+ not) + V ... + Instead, S + V ... = S (+ not) + V ...; instead, S + V ... = S (+ not) + V ... . S + V ... + instead.

❶ 副詞 instead 可置於句首、句中或句尾，表「取而代之的是；反而」。

However, in the 1700s, the king of Spain thought this (bullfighting) was too dangerous for nobles and ordered them to stop. Instead, common people took over the tradition.
（課文第 4~8 行）
Tessa didn't go home immediately last night. Instead, she went to the movie theater.
= Tessa didn't go home immediately last night; instead, she went to the movie theater.
= Tessa didn't go home immediately last night. She went to the movie theater instead.
泰莎昨晚沒有馬上回家，而是去看電影。

❷ 片語 instead of 當介系詞用，表示「並非…；而不是…」，可置於句首或句中，後接動名詞或名詞。

But they (common people) had to face the bull on foot instead of riding horses.
（課文第 8~9 行）
Instead of soda, I'm going to drink water because it's healthier.
與其喝汽水，我要喝水，因為喝水比較健康。
Jennie chose to play basketball outside instead of playing video games.
珍妮選擇在外打籃球而不是打電動。

💡 instead 和 instead of 常可互換：

Tom took the bus instead of (taking) a taxi.
= Tom didn't take a taxi. Instead, he took the bus.
= Tom didn't take a taxi; instead, he took the bus.
= Tom didn't take a taxi. He took the bus instead.
湯姆選擇搭公車而不是搭計程車。
✗ Instead riding horses（instead 是副詞，後面不能直接接名詞／動名詞）✗ Instead of, he took the bus.（instead of 後面一定要有受詞）。
判斷法：空格後有名詞或 V-ing → instead of；空格後是完整句子或空無一物 → instead。
Day 3｜S + beV/V + so + adj./adv. + that + S + V ...▼
S + beV/V + so + adj./adv. + that + S + V ... 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　└ that 引導表結果的副詞子句

本句型用來表示結果，意為「如此…以致於…」。so 在此是副詞，後接形容詞或副詞；that 則用以引導表示結果的副詞子句。

The debate between tradition and animal rights has become so intense that it has even divided people across the country.
（課文第 7~10 行）
The cat was so thin that you could see its bones through its skin.
這隻貓太瘦了，以致於你可以從牠的皮膚就看到骨頭。
The mouse ran so quickly that the cat couldn't catch it.
那隻老鼠跑得飛快，以致於貓咪抓不到牠。
💡 勿與另一個長得很像的連接詞 so that 搞混，so that 後接的子句用來表達目的：Will lied about being sick so that he wouldn't have to go to work.（威爾謊稱他生病了，這樣他就能不去上班。）
辨析三兄弟：so + adj. + that（如此…以致…）／such + a + adj. + N + that（接名詞片語）／so that + S + can/will V（為了）。大考三者常一起出現當誘答。
✍️
Give It a Shot（原書隨堂練習）
題目逐字取自原書；下列參考解答為本講義提供，原書解答請見雜誌 p. 75。
Day 1｜請選出正確的選項（可複選）
❶ Gina is wearing a coat ______ stay warm in the cold wind.　❷ Sandy wrote down the bus schedule on her phone ______ miss the last bus home.
▶
❶ Gina is wearing a coat ______ stay warm in the cold wind.
　(A) to　(B) not to　(C) in order to　(D) in order not to

❷ Sandy wrote down the bus schedule on her phone ______ miss the last bus home.
　(A) to　(B) not　(C) in order to　(D) in order not to
參考解答 ❶ (A) to／(C) in order to（可複選）語意是肯定的目的「為了保暖」，to V 與 in order to V 皆可。
參考解答 ❷ (D) in order not to語意是否定的目的「為了不要錯過末班車」；否定時 in order 不可省略。
Day 2｜綜合練習
❶ 請用 instead of 的句型完成以下翻譯練習　❷ 請用 instead 的句型改寫以下句子
▶
❶ 丹尼爾（Daniel）傳了一則訊息給他媽媽，而不是打電話給她。
　______________________________

❷ Maya took the train to Taipei instead of driving there.
　______________________________
參考解答 ❶ Daniel sent a text message to his mother instead of calling her.instead of 後接動名詞 calling。
參考解答 ❷ Maya didn't drive to Taipei. Instead, she took the train (there).也可寫成：Maya didn't drive to Taipei; instead, she took the train there.／Maya didn't drive to Taipei. She took the train there instead.
Day 3｜Reading Comprehension
❶ Which of the following is true?　❷ 排出下列做法發生的先後順序　❸ Which picture best shows a matador?
▶
❶ Which of the following is true?
　(A) Bulls charge at the red cloth because they hate the color red.
　(B) The Suit of Lights is light and thin so bullfighters can move easily.
　(C) Bullfighting started in Spain and then spread to the island of Crete.
　(D) Some governments have stopped bullfighting to protect the animals.

❷ According to the article, put the following practices in the correct order of when they happened.
　① Fighting the bull with a sword and a red cloth.　② Jumping over the bull as a sign of respect.
　③ Performing without using weapons on the bull.　④ Using a spear to attack the bull on horseback.
　(A) ①→②→④→③　(B) ②→④→①→③　(C) ①→④→③→②　(D) ②→③→④→①

❸ Which picture best shows a matador?
參考解答 ❶ (D)依據第三天課文：In some regions, governments have prohibited the practice to protect the animals.　(A) 錯：bulls are color-blind，牠們是因為布在動才衝；(B) 錯：It is a heavy, tight suit；(C) 錯：起源於克里特島，後來才傳到西班牙。
參考解答 ❷ (B) ②→④→①→③② 克里特島的跳牛（數千年前）→ ④ 西班牙貴族騎馬持長矛 → ① 平民徒步用紅布與劍 → ③ 現代不使用武器的和平版本。
參考解答 ❸ (D)matador 的定義是「徒步、手持紅布」的鬥牛士（The bullfighters in this new style are called matadors.），故選徒步揮舞紅布的那張圖；騎馬持矛的是早期貴族，不是 matador。
🎓
老師精講題（8 題・文法深度）
👆 點選項即時對錯，按「看完整解析」展開老師講解。適合課堂講授或回家複習。
✏️
學生自我測驗（10 題）
👆 直接點選選項：答對顯示 ✓（綠），答錯顯示 ✗（紅）並標出正解。再按「看完整解析」展開說明。
English 4U 2026 年 7／8 月號　Unit 8｜互動教學講義