Unit 4|The Delicious Journey of Italy's Favorite Flavors ── 不只是披薩!一場跨越時空的義大利美食之旅

English 4U 2026 年 7/8 月號(JUL/AUG 2026)Unit 4 編輯精選 ★★|互動教學講義
⏱️ 建議授課時數:3 節(3 天課文,每天約 45 分鐘)|課文與字彙例句全部逐字取自雜誌原文
📖 課文逐句精講 × 28 📝 核心字彙 × 18 ➕ 字彙小補帖 × 12 🔗 Pocket Phrase × 4 📐 Language in Focus × 3 ✏️ 學生練習 × 10 🎓 老師精講 × 8
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三天課文速覽

🟦 Day 1|披薩與義大利麵的古老身世

古羅馬人早就在吃「原始版披薩」——抹鹽和橄欖油的扁麵包。中東人把乾麵條帶到西西里島,成了 pasta;西班牙探險家從美洲帶回番茄,義大利人起初怕得不敢吃,直到 1700 年代末才搗成濃郁醬汁,從此改變晚餐。

🟩 Day 2|義大利薄餅 piadina

來自北義海邊的 Romagna,做法只有麵粉、水、鹽和一點橄欖油,在熱平底鍋上煎到微金黃。窮人家的家常食物,因為好攜帶、又有飽足感,對農夫特別實用;今天成了折得像 taco 的街頭小吃

🟧 Day 3|餐前小酌 aperitivo

太陽下山就是 aperitivo 時間。字源是拉丁文的「打開」,在此指打開食慾。晚間 6 到 8 點,人們在咖啡館小酌閒聊,經典調酒是 Aperol spritz。它不只是吃喝,而是放鬆、迎接夜晚的生活方式。
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課文逐句精講(原文逐字+翻譯)
👆 點擊任何一句英文,即可展開「中文翻譯 + 句構分析(主詞/動詞/受詞/補語)+ 重點解析」。點 🔊 只朗讀,不會展開解析。
🔍 句構顏色對照: 主詞 S 動詞 V 受詞 O 補語 C 修飾語
🟦 Day 1|披薩與義大利麵的古老身世(p. 20)
Long before modern pizza appeared, people in ancient Rome were already eating a simple version of it.
早在現代披薩出現之前,古羅馬人就已經在吃它的簡易版本了。
🔍 句構分析 Long before modern pizza appeared時間副詞子句
people in ancient RomeS were already eatingV(過去進行式) a simple version of itO
long before + 子句 = 早在……之前很久;version(版本)為畫底線補充字;過去進行式在此表示「當時已經持續在做」。
It was just a flat piece of bread with salt and olive oil.
它只是一塊抹了鹽和橄欖油的扁平麵包。
🔍 句構分析 ItS wasV just a flat piece of breadC(主詞補語) with salt and olive oil修飾 bread
a piece of bread = 一片麵包(bread 不可數,必須用單位量詞,見本課 Language in Focus ①)。
Back then, most Italian food was made with what farmers could grow nearby, like olives, grapes, and wheat.
在當時,大部分的義大利食物都是用農夫在附近能種出來的東西做的,例如橄欖、葡萄和小麥。
🔍 句構分析 Back then時間 most Italian foodS was madeV(被動) with what farmers could grow nearby介詞+名詞子句— what = the things that
be made with + 材料=用……做成;what 引導名詞子句(=所……的東西),本身已含先行詞;nearby 在此為副詞「在附近」。
Things changed when travelers started bringing new foods from far away.
當旅行者開始從遠方帶來新的食物,一切就改變了。
🔍 句構分析 ThingsS changedV(不及物)
when travelers started bringing new foods from far away時間副詞子句
start + V-ing/to V 皆可;foods 用複數表示「多種食物」;from far away = 從遠方。
About a thousand years ago, people from the Middle East brought dried noodles to the island of Sicily. That's how pasta started.
大約一千年前,來自中東的人們把乾麵條帶到西西里島。義大利麵就是這樣開始的。
🔍 句構分析 people from the Middle EastS broughtV dried noodlesO to the island of Sicily副詞
ThatS isV how pasta startedC(名詞子句作補語)
dried 為過去分詞當形容詞(麵條「被弄乾的」),見 Day 2 Language in Focus;That's how... = 「……就是這樣來的」,很好用的說明句型。
Later in the 16th century, Spanish explorers brought a strange new food back from the Americas: the tomato. It later made its way to Italy.
後來在 16 世紀,西班牙探險家從美洲帶回一種奇怪的新食物:番茄。它後來輾轉來到了義大利。
🔍 句構分析 Spanish explorersS brought backV(片語動詞) a strange new foodO from the Americas副詞— 冒號後 the tomato 為同位語
ItS madeV its wayO to Italy副詞
make one's way to = (持續或緩慢地)前往某地,本課 Pocket Phrase;the Americas 指「美洲地區」,包含北美洲、中美洲及南美洲(4U Extras 5)。
At first, Italians thought tomatoes were just pretty plants for the garden and were afraid to eat them.
起初,義大利人以為番茄只是花園裡漂亮的植物,還不敢吃它們。
🔍 句構分析 At first時間 ItaliansS thoughtV (that) tomatoes were just pretty plants for the gardenO(名詞子句)
and連接詞 wereV afraid to eat themC(與①共用主詞 Italians)
Italians 為名詞「義大利人」,Italian 當形容詞是「義大利的」(4U Extras 1);be afraid to V = 不敢做某事。
But in the late 1700s, people finally started mashing them into a rich sauce that would change dinner forever.
但是在 1700 年代末期,人們終於開始把番茄搗成濃郁的醬汁,這醬汁將永遠改變晚餐。
🔍 句構分析 peopleS finally startedV mashing them into a rich sauceO(動名詞片語)
that would change dinner forever關係子句,修飾 sauce
mash A into B = 把 A 搗成 B(介系詞 into 意思是「成為;轉變為」,4U Extras 6);rich 在此意為「濃郁的」(4U Extras 7);forever 為核心字。
Every time you eat pasta or pizza, you are tasting a yummy story that is hundreds of years old!
每次你吃義大利麵或披薩時,你都在品嚐一個好幾百年歷史的美味故事!
🔍 句構分析 Every time you eat pasta or pizza時間副詞子句— every time 當連接詞用,= whenever
youS are tastingV a yummy storyO that is hundreds of years old關係子句
every time + 子句 = 每當……;hundreds of = 好幾百的(數字加 -s 表概數,後面接 of);taste 在此為及物動詞「品嚐」。
🟩 Day 2|義大利薄餅 piadina(p. 22)
Now, let's look at a classic Italian food you might not know much about. It's called piadina romagnola, or simply piadina.
現在,讓我們來看看一種你可能不太認識的經典義大利食物。它叫做 piadina romagnola,或簡稱 piadina。
🔍 句構分析 let's look atV(祈使句) a classic Italian foodO (that) you might not know much about關係子句(省略受格關係代名詞)
ItS is calledV(被動) piadina romagnolaC
關係子句結尾停在介系詞 about(know about sth)是很自然的口語寫法;simply 在此 = 簡單地說、簡稱。
This warm flatbread is a tasty and easy meal that many people in Italy enjoy. It comes from Romagna, a seaside area in northern Italy.
這種溫熱的薄麵餅是許多義大利人都喜愛、美味又簡便的一餐。它來自羅馬涅,義大利北部的一個海邊地區。
🔍 句構分析 This warm flatbreadS isV a tasty and easy mealC that many people in Italy enjoy關係子句
ItS comes fromV(片語動詞) RomagnaO— a seaside area in northern Italy 為同位語
flatbread 指(通常不使用酵母的)薄麵餅(4U Extras 1);seaside 為形容詞「在海邊或海濱的」(4U Extras 2);come from sth 為本課 Pocket Phrase。
Piadina has a very long history. People in the Romagna region of Italy have been making simple flatbreads like it for over 2,000 years.
Piadina 有非常悠久的歷史。義大利羅馬涅地區的人們製作類似的簡易薄餅已超過兩千年。
🔍 句構分析 PiadinaS hasV a very long historyO
People in the Romagna region of ItalyS have been makingV(現在完成進行式) simple flatbreads like itO for over 2,000 years時間副詞
have been V-ing + for + 一段時間=從過去持續到現在、而且還會繼續下去(可與 Unit 10 的現在完成式對照);like 在此 = 像……一樣的。
In the past, many poor families made piadina at home. They mixed flour, water, salt, and a little olive oil.
在過去,許多貧困的家庭會在家自己做 piadina。他們把麵粉、水、鹽和一點橄欖油混合在一起。
🔍 句構分析 In the past時間 many poor familiesS madeV piadinaO at home副詞
TheyS mixedV flour, water, salt, and a little olive oilO(四個並列名詞)
a little + 不可數名詞(olive oil)=一點點,帶肯定語氣,這正是 Day 3 Language in Focus 的重點。
After that, they cooked the dough on a hot flat pan until it turned lightly golden.
之後,他們把麵團放在熱的平底鍋上煮,直到它變得微微金黃。
🔍 句構分析 theyS cookedV the doughO on a hot flat pan副詞
until連接詞 itS turnedV(連綴動詞) lightly goldenC(形容詞補語)
turn 為連綴動詞,意為「轉為……;變得……」,後方接形容詞(4U Extras 3);lightly 表示「稍微」(4U Extras 4)。
They sometimes stuffed it with simple ingredients like cabbage or grilled sausage.
他們有時候會用簡單的材料把它填滿,例如高麗菜或烤香腸。
🔍 句構分析 TheyS stuffedV itO with simple ingredients like cabbage or grilled sausage副詞(材料)
stuff A with B = 用 B 填/裝滿 A(核心字用法);grilled 是過去分詞當形容詞:香腸不會自己火烤,而是透過人為,所以用過去分詞形容「被燒烤的狀態」。
For farmers, piadina was especially practical because it was easy to carry and filling enough for a long day.
對農夫來說,piadina 特別實用,因為它容易攜帶,而且飽足感足以撐過漫長的一天。
🔍 句構分析 For farmers副詞 piadinaS wasV especially practicalC
because it was easy to carry and filling enough for a long day原因副詞子句
filling 為現在分詞當形容詞:義大利薄餅具備讓人飽足的效果,所以用現在分詞 filling 表示「使人感到飽足」;adj. + enough(enough 放形容詞後面)。
Today, piadina is popular street food. Vendors usually fold it like a taco.
今天,piadina 是很受歡迎的街頭小吃。攤販通常會把它折得像塔可餅一樣。
🔍 句構分析 piadinaS isV popular street foodC
VendorsS foldV itO like a taco副詞(比喻)
fold(折疊)為核心字;like + 名詞 = 像……一樣(介系詞),可與 Unit 7「連綴動詞 + like + 名詞」對照。
If you like sweet flavors, you can also try piadina with Nutella or fruit jam inside.
如果你喜歡甜的口味,你也可以試試裡面包能多益或果醬的 piadina。
🔍 句構分析 If you like sweet flavors條件副詞子句
youS can also tryV piadina with Nutella or fruit jam insideO
flavor(味道;風味)為核心字,可數;Nutella 是一間義大利公司所出產的巧克力榛果醬「能多益」(4U Extras 5)。
🟧 Day 3|餐前小酌 aperitivo(p. 24)
As the sun begins to set in Italy, it's time for aperitivo!
當太陽在義大利開始落下,就是 aperitivo(餐前酒)的時間了!
🔍 句構分析 As the sun begins to set in Italy時間副詞子句(as = 當……時)
itS(虛主詞) isV time for aperitivoC
set 在此表示「(太陽)落下」(4U Extras 1);It's time for + N = 該是……的時候了。
This tradition brings people together before dinner for a chat and a few snacks.
這個傳統讓人們在晚餐前聚在一起聊聊天、吃點小點心。
🔍 句構分析 This traditionS brings togetherV(片語動詞) peopleO before dinner for a chat and a few snacks副詞
bring sb. together = 使人們聚在一起;a few + 複數可數名詞(snacks)=一些,帶肯定語氣(Language in Focus ③)。
The word "aperitivo" comes from a Latin word that means "to open." In this case, it means to stimulate the appetite.
「aperitivo」這個字來自一個意思是「打開」的拉丁文字。在這種情況下,它指的是打開(刺激)食慾。
🔍 句構分析 The word "aperitivo"S comes fromV a Latin wordO that means "to open"關係子句
In this case副詞 itS meansV to stimulate the appetiteO(不定詞)
in this/that case = 在這種/那種情況下,本課 Pocket Phrase;Latin 意思是「拉丁文的」(4U Extras 2);appetite(食慾)為核心字。
The idea is simple: have a light drink and a few snacks before dinner.
這個概念很簡單:晚餐前喝杯清淡的飲料、吃一些小點心。
🔍 句構分析 The ideaS isV simpleC— 冒號後為說明內容(祈使句)
haveV(祈使) a light drink and a few snacksO before dinner副詞
light 在此意思是「酒精濃度低的;清淡的」(4U Extras 3);冒號用來「說明前面那句話的內容」。
This custom became popular in Italy in the late 1700s. It later grew into an important part of Italian social life.
這個習俗在 1700 年代末期於義大利流行起來。它後來發展成義大利社交生活中重要的一部分。
🔍 句構分析 This customS becameV(連綴動詞) popularC in Italy in the late 1700s副詞
ItS grew intoV(片語動詞) an important part of Italian social lifeO
grow into sth/sb = 發展為……;成長為……,本課 Pocket Phrase;become + 形容詞 為連綴動詞用法(Unit 7 重點)。
Aperitivo usually happens from 6 to 8 p.m. People gather at cafés or bars with friends, family, or coworkers.
Aperitivo 通常在晚上 6 點到 8 點進行。人們和朋友、家人或同事聚在咖啡館或酒吧。
🔍 句構分析 AperitivoS happensV(不及物) from 6 to 8 p.m.時間副詞
PeopleS gatherV at cafés or bars with friends, family, or coworkers副詞
coworker(同事)= 字首 co-(共同)+ worker(工作者),見 Word Families;from A to B 表時間範圍。
A favorite cocktail during this golden hour is the Aperol spritz.
在這個「黃金時刻」最受喜愛的調酒就是艾普羅雞尾酒。
🔍 句構分析 A favorite cocktail during this golden hourS isV the Aperol spritzC
golden hour 直譯為「黃金時刻」,指的是日落之前或日出之後一段光線較溫暖的時間(4U Extras 4);主詞核心是 cocktail,介系詞片語只是修飾。
It's made with Aperol, a bright orange Italian liqueur; Prosecco, a sparkling wine, and a splash of soda water.
它是用艾普羅(一種鮮橘色的義大利利口酒)、普羅賽克(一種氣泡酒)和少許蘇打水調製而成的。
🔍 句構分析 ItS is made withV(被動) Aperol; Prosecco; and a splash of soda water材料(三者並列)— 逗號後皆為同位語補充說明
bright 意思是「(顏色)鮮亮的,鮮明的」(4U Extras 5);a splash of sth = 少許的……(核心字用法);並列項目本身含逗號時,用分號區隔。
The drink is usually served in a wine glass with plenty of ice and a slice of orange.
這杯飲料通常裝在紅酒杯裡,加上大量的冰塊和一片柳橙。
🔍 句構分析 The drinkS is usually servedV(被動) in a wine glass with plenty of ice and a slice of orange副詞
plenty of sth = 大量的……(核心字用法);a slice of orange = 一片柳橙,又是單位量詞(Day 1 Language in Focus)。
In Italy, aperitivo is not just something you eat or drink. It's a wonderful way to relax and welcome the evening.
在義大利,aperitivo 不只是你吃的或喝的東西。它是放鬆並迎接夜晚的美好方式。
🔍 句構分析 aperitivoS is not justV something you eat or drinkC— something 後省略關係代名詞 that
ItS isV a wonderful way to relax and welcome the eveningC
a way to V = 做……的方式(不定詞修飾名詞);not just A(不只是 A)常與後句形成對比,是很好的結尾寫法。
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4U Extras 課文註解(原書逐條)
以下註解逐字取自雜誌 4U Extras 欄位,對應課文行號。
Day 1(p. 20)
對應註解
標題/各行標題的 Italy [ˈɪtəlɪ] 指的是「義大利」;第 4 行、第二天第 1 行及第三天第 9 行、第 12 行的 Italian [ɪˈtæljən] 為形容詞,意思是「義大利的」;而第 11 行的 Italian 則為名詞,指的是「義大利人」。
第 2 行ancient Rome [rom] 指的是「古羅馬」。
第 8 行Middle East 指的是「中東地區」。
第 9 行形容詞 Spanish [ˈspænɪʃ] 意思是「西班牙的」。
第 10 行the Americas 指的是「美洲地區」,包含北美洲、中美洲及南美洲。
第 12 行介系詞 into 意思是「成為;轉變為」。
第 12 行形容詞 rich 在此意為「濃郁的」。
Day 2(p. 22)
對應註解
第 2 行flatbread [ˈflætˌbrɛd] 指的是「(通常不使用酵母的)薄麵餅」,常見的有印度烤餅、墨西哥薄餅和中東口袋餅等。
第 3 行形容詞 seaside [ˈsiˌsaɪd] 意指「在海邊或海濱的」。
第 7 行turn 為連綴動詞,意為「轉為…;變得…」,後方接常形容詞。
第 7 行副詞 lightly 表示「稍微」。
第 12 行Nutella [nuˈtɛlə] 是一間義大利公司所出產的巧克力榛果醬「能多益」。
Day 3(p. 24)
對應註解
第 1 行動詞 set 在此處表示「(太陽)落下」。
第 4 行形容詞 Latin [ˈlætn] 意思是「拉丁文的」。
第 6 行形容詞 light 意思是「酒精濃度低的;清淡的」。
第 11 行名詞詞組 golden hour 直譯為「黃金時刻」,指的是日落之前或日出之後一段光線較溫暖的時間。
第 12 行形容詞 bright 意思是「(顏色)鮮亮的,鮮明的」。
📝
核心字彙(三天共 18 字・例句取自原書)
👆 點擊每個單字卡,展開「字族/用法 + 原書例句」。標示 者為雜誌註明「近五年大考出現字彙」。
Day 1(p. 21)
nearbyadv.
在附近
[ˈnɪrˈbaɪ]亦可當形容詞:a nearby store
Lily realized there was a gas station nearby when she saw a sign for it at the corner.莉莉在轉角看到加油站的招牌時,才發現附近有一間加油站。
wheatn.
小麥
[wit]不可數名詞whole wheat 全麥
We grow wheat on this farm and use it to make delicious bread and cakes.我們在這座農場種小麥,並用它來做美味的麵包和蛋糕。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
travelern.
旅行者
[ˈtrævələ]travel (v.) 旅行-er 表「做……的人」
Maria is a careful traveler who always checks maps before she leaves the hotel each morning.瑪麗亞是個謹慎的旅行者,每天早上離開旅館前總會確認地圖。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
explorern.
探險家
[ɪkˈsplorə]explore (v.) 探索exploration (n.) 探勘
Centuries ago, explorers left Europe and traveled across the oceans to find new lands.幾世紀以前,探險家離開歐洲、橫越海洋去尋找新的土地。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
saucen.
醬汁;調味汁
[sɔs]易混淆:source [sors] 來源
These French fries need some sauce because they taste very dry.這些薯條需要一些醬料,因為吃起來很乾。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
foreveradv.
永遠地;永久地
[fəˈrɛvə]= for ever(英式寫法)
Paul promised that he would love his wife forever and never leave her.保羅承諾他會永遠愛他的妻子,絕不離開她。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
Day 2(p. 23)
tastyadj.
美味的;可口的
[ˈtestɪ]taste (v.) 品嚐(第一天課文第 15 行)
That restaurant was so good! The spaghetti there was one of the tastiest dishes I've ever had!那間餐廳太棒了!那裡的義大利麵是我吃過最美味的菜餚之一!
stuffv.
填滿;裝滿
[stʌf]stuff A with B 用 B 填/裝滿 A
Terrance stuffed the back of his car with so many things that he almost couldn't close the door.泰倫斯在車子後面塞了太多東西,以致於他幾乎關不上車門。
sausagen.
香腸;臘腸
[ˈsɔsɪdʒ]
This sausage is made from pork and tastes salty and juicy.這條香腸是用豬肉做的,吃起來鹹鹹的又多汁。
practicaladj.
實用的;適合的
[ˈpræktɪkl]practice (n./v.) 練習
The bag's design looks simple but practical. It has many side pockets for small items.這個包包的設計看起來簡單卻很實用。它有許多側邊口袋可以放小東西。
foldv.
折疊;對折
[fold]反義:unfold 攤開
Harvey folded the newspaper so that it would fit into his backpack.哈維把報紙折起來,好讓它塞得進他的背包。
flavorn.
味道;風味
[ˈflevə]flavorful (adj.) 味道濃郁的
Adding a little salt and black pepper to the corn soup will help bring out its rich flavor.在玉米濃湯裡加一點鹽和黑胡椒,有助於帶出它濃郁的風味。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
Day 3(p. 25)
chatn.
聊天;閒談
[tʃæt]亦可當動詞:chat with sb
I had a friendly chat with the new student about what he likes to do and study.我和那位新同學友善地聊了聊他喜歡做什麼、讀什麼。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
appetiten.
食慾;胃口
[ˈæpəˌtaɪt]appetizer (n.) 開胃菜
Ben had no appetite this morning, so he only drank some warm milk.班今天早上沒有食慾,所以他只喝了一些溫牛奶。
cafén.
咖啡廳
[kæˈfe]/[kəˈfe]源自法文,重音在後
Every Saturday afternoon, John loves to sit in his local café, drink coffee, and read a book.每個週六下午,約翰都喜歡坐在他家附近的咖啡廳喝咖啡、看書。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
cocktailn.
雞尾酒
[ˈkɑkˌtel]cock(公雞)+ tail(尾巴)
At the party, Amy drank a cocktail that tasted sweet but was actually very strong.在派對上,艾咪喝了一杯嚐起來很甜、實際上卻很烈的雞尾酒。
splashn.
(加入液體中的)少許液體
[splæʃ]a splash of sth 少許的…
Mom likes to add a splash of milk to her coffee to make it less bitter.媽媽喜歡在咖啡裡加少許牛奶,讓它沒那麼苦。
plentypron.
大量
[ˈplɛntɪ]plenty of sth 大量的…(可數/不可數皆可)
We have plenty of time before the movie starts, so let's enjoy a nice meal first.電影開始前我們還有很多時間,所以先好好吃一頓吧。
✱ 近五年大考出現字彙
🧩 字彙小補帖(文章中畫底線之字詞・僅供參考)
單字詞性中文
version [ˈvɝʒən]/[ˈvɝʃən]n.版本
olive [ˈɑlɪv]n.橄欖
pasta [ˈpɑstə]n.義大利麵食
mash [mæʃ]v.將(食物)搗成泥狀
dough [do]n.麵團
ingredient [ɪnˈgridɪənt]n.(食品的)材料,成分
grilled [grɪld]adj.炙烤的;燒烤的
vendor [ˈvɛndə]n.小販;攤販
taco [ˈtɑko]n.墨西哥玉米餅;塔可餅
stimulate [ˈstɪmjəˌlet]v.刺激;促進
liqueur [lɪˈkɝ]/[lɪˈkʊr]n.烈性甜酒;利口酒
sparkling [ˈspɑrklɪŋ]adj.(飲料)有氣泡的
🔗 Pocket Phrase(課文片語・例句取自原書)
片語中文例句(含翻譯)
make one's way(持續或緩慢地)前往某地The river made its way through the mountains and finally reached the sea.那條河蜿蜒穿過群山,最後流入大海。
come from sth來自…The idea for this story came from a real event that happened in our town last summer.這個故事的靈感來自去年夏天在我們鎮上發生的真實事件。
in this/that case在這種/那種情況下Rex has already finished all his work for today. In that case, he can leave the office early.雷克斯今天的工作都做完了。既然如此,他可以早點下班。
grow into sth/sb發展為…;成長為…At first, the argument between the two neighbors was small. But over time, it grew into a serious problem that affected everyone around them.起初,兩位鄰居間的爭執很小。但隨著時間過去,它演變成影響周遭所有人的嚴重問題。
👪 Word Families(字首 co-)
字首 co- 置於名詞、動詞或形容詞前,表示「共同」:coworker [ˈkoˌwɝkə] n. 同事 ← worker n. 工作者。同類字:cowriter(共同作者)、cooperate(合作)、coexist(共存)。
📐
Language in Focus 句型文法解析(三天共 3 個重點)
👆 點擊每個句型標題,展開「公式 + 例句 + 常見錯誤 + 大考重點」。例句均取自原書。
Day 1|單位量詞(a piece of...)
單位量詞 + of + 不可數名詞 數量超過一個 → 量詞變複數,of 後的不可數名詞不變

要表達不可數名詞的數量時,可使用單位量詞 + of,以下列出常見的單位量詞和常搭配使用的不可數名詞:

單位量詞中文常見搭配名詞
a piece of一片/一件/一個/一則/一篇bread, cake, jewelry, paper, advice
a slice of一片orange, pizza, cake, bread
a bit of一點/些/一小部分fun, time, luck
a bar of一塊/一條soap, chocolate
a block of一塊/一立方形物體ice, cheese, wood
a loaf of一條(切來吃的食物)bread
a can of一罐soda, soup
a grain of一粒sand, salt, rice
a sheet of一張(薄的平面物)paper, metal
a drop of一滴water, oil, blood
two pieces of cake
兩塊蛋糕
three loaves of bread
三條麵包
a few drops of water
幾滴水
✗ two breads/✗ three loaves of breads。量詞變複數,後面的不可數名詞不變。loaf → loaves(-f 結尾變 -ves)。
課文:It was just a flat piece of bread.../The drink is served with a slice of orange. 大考常考量詞與名詞的搭配是否正確。
Day 2|分詞(V-ing/p.p.)當形容詞的用法
現在分詞 V-ing → 主動、動作正在進行 過去分詞 p.p. → 被動、動作已完成

修飾名詞時,分詞常可置於名詞前作為形容詞;除此之外,分詞亦可置於名詞後方作後位修飾;又或是放在 be 動詞後當主詞補語。但須注意,現在分詞與過去分詞作為形容詞的意涵並不相同。

❶ 現在分詞(V-ing)表示「主動、動作正在進行」。
For farmers, piadina was especially practical because it was easy to carry and filling enough for a long day.
(課文第 8~9 行)義大利薄餅具備讓人飽足的效果,所以用現在分詞 filling 表示「使人感到飽足」。
I could hear the sound of running water, and when I walked to the top of the hill, I saw a river.
我可以聽到流水聲,當我走上山丘頂端後,我看見了一條河。(因為河水會「主動流動」,所以此句中用現在分詞 running 來形容河流。)
❷ 過去分詞(p.p.)表示「被動、動作已完成」。
They (many poor families in the past) sometimes stuffed it (piadina) with simple ingredients like cabbage or grilled sausage.
(課文第 7~8 行)因為香腸不會自己火烤,而是透過人為,所以使用過去分詞 grilled 來形容香腸的狀態。
About a thousand years ago, people from the Middle East brought dried noodles to the island of Sicily.
(第一天課文第 7~9 行)因為麵條是被外力弄乾的,所以使用過去分詞 dried 來形容麵條的狀態。
Mila cleaned up the spilled drink.
米拉清理了被打翻的飲料。(因為飲料是「被打翻的」,所以使用過去分詞 spilled 來形容飲料的狀態。)
✗ There is breaking glass on the floor.(玻璃是「被打破的」,應用 broken)。判斷關鍵:問自己「這個名詞是主動做這個動作,還是做?」
情緒動詞同理:人 + -ed(感到)、事物 + -ing(令人感到)。exciting/excited、boring/bored 是大考最愛考的一組。
Day 3|a few vs. a little(數量多寡與語氣)
可數名詞複數 → a few(一些・肯定)/few(很少・否定) 不可數名詞  → a little(一點・肯定)/little(很少・否定) 數量相當少 → very few/very little
帶有肯定語氣帶有否定語氣
可數 Na few 一些;幾個few 很少;幾乎沒有
不可數 Na little 一點點little 很少;幾乎沒有

❶ a few 和 few 都可修飾複數可數名詞,但意思不同。a few 表示「一些」(意思與 some 相近),帶有肯定的語氣;few 表示「很少」,帶有否定的語氣。

This tradition (aperitivo) brings people together before dinner for a chat and a few snacks.
(課文第 2~3 行)
The idea is simple: have a light drink and a few snacks before dinner.
(課文第 6~7 行)
There are few places in the city where you can see stars clearly.
在城市裡,很少有地方能清楚地看到星星。
When the new café opened, few people noticed it because it was far from the main road.
那間新咖啡廳剛開幕時幾乎沒什麼人注意到,因為它離主要道路很遠。

❷ 若要修飾不可數名詞,則用 a little(肯定語氣)和 little(否定語氣)。

They mixed flour, water, salt, and a little olive oil.
(第二天課文第 6 行)
I'd like a little time to rest before we continue the hike.
我想要在繼續健行前休息一下。
Evelyn has little patience for people who don't pay attention.
伊芙琳對不專心的人沒什麼耐性。
若要表示數量相當少,可加上程度副詞 very 修飾:Very few people live in this part of the US anymore./There is very little fresh water in Kuwait; most of the country is desert.
大考最愛考「有沒有 a」造成的語氣翻轉:a few/few、a little/little。看到後半句是「所以只好走路、所以沒買到」等負面結果,就要選沒有 a 的版本。
✍️
Give It a Shot(原書隨堂練習)
題目逐字取自原書;下列參考解答為本講義提供,原書解答請見雜誌 p. 75。
Day 1|引導式翻譯
❶ 請在浴室放一塊新的肥皂,因為舊的那塊快用完了。 ❷ 我們需要兩條白麵包來做足夠在野餐吃的三明治。
❶ ______________________________ because the old one is almost gone.
❷ We need ______________________________.
參考解答 ❶ Please put a new bar of soap in the bathroom because the old one is almost gone.關鍵:肥皂用量詞 a bar of。
參考解答 ❷ We need two loaves of white bread to make enough sandwiches for the picnic.關鍵:麵包用 loaf,兩條 → two loaves of(bread 不加 s)。
Day 2|綜合練習
❶ 請圈出正確的答案 ❷ 引導式翻譯
❶ Be careful! There is (breaking / broken) glass on the kitchen floor.
❷ 那個小男孩飛快地跑開,因為他對附近一隻正在吠叫的狗感到害怕。 The little boy ran away quickly ______________________________.
參考解答 ❶ broken玻璃是「被打破的」,用過去分詞。
參考解答 ❷ The little boy ran away quickly because he was afraid of a barking dog nearby.狗「主動」吠叫 → 現在分詞 barking。
Day 3|請選出正確的答案
❶ I put ______ milk in the coffee... ❷ ______ buses come here on Sundays...
❶ I put ______ milk in the coffee because it tastes too strong. (A) few (B) a few (C) little (D) a little
❷ ______ buses come here on Sundays, so she usually walks to the market. (A) Few (B) A few (C) Little (D) A little
參考解答 ❶ (D) a littlemilk 為不可數名詞,且語氣為肯定(加一點牛奶讓咖啡沒那麼濃)。
參考解答 ❷ (A) Fewbuses 為複數可數名詞;後半句「所以她通常用走的」為否定語氣的結果。
🎓
老師精講題(8 題・文法深度)
👆 點選項即時對錯,按「看完整解析」展開老師講解。適合課堂講授或回家複習。
✏️
學生自我測驗(10 題)
👆 直接點選選項:答對顯示 ✓(綠),答錯顯示 ✗(紅)並標出正解。再按「看完整解析」展開說明。
English 4U 2026 年 7/8 月號 Unit 4|互動教學講義